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Real-Time Traffic Assignment Using Fast Queries in Customizable Contraction Hierarchies

Authors Valentin Buchhold, Peter Sanders, Dorothea Wagner

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Valentin Buchhold
  • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Peter Sanders
  • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Dorothea Wagner
  • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany

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Valentin Buchhold, Peter Sanders, and Dorothea Wagner. Real-Time Traffic Assignment Using Fast Queries in Customizable Contraction Hierarchies. In 17th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 103, pp. 27:1-27:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2018.27

Abstract

Given an urban road network and a set of origin-destination (OD) pairs, the traffic assignment problem asks for the traffic flow on each road segment. A common solution employs a feasible-direction method, where the direction-finding step requires many shortest-path computations. In this paper, we significantly accelerate the computation of flow patterns, enabling interactive transportation and urban planning applications. We achieve this by revisiting and carefully engineering known speedup techniques for shortest paths, and combining them with customizable contraction hierarchies. In particular, our accelerated elimination tree search is more than an order of magnitude faster for local queries than the original algorithm, and our centralized search speeds up batched point-to-point shortest paths by a factor of up to 6. These optimizations are independent of traffic assignment and can be generally used for (batched) point-to-point queries. In contrast to prior work, our evaluation uses real-world data for all parts of the problem. On a metropolitan area encompassing more than 2.7 million inhabitants, we reduce the flow-pattern computation for a typical two-hour morning peak from 76.5 to 10.5 seconds on one core, and 4.3 seconds on four cores. This represents a speedup of 18 over the state of the art, and three orders of magnitude over the Dijkstra-based baseline.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Shortest paths
Keywords
  • traffic assignment
  • equilibrium flow pattern
  • customizable contraction hierarchies
  • batched shortest paths

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