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Synergy Between Circuit Obfuscation and Circuit Minimization

Authors Russell Impagliazzo , Valentine Kabanets, Ilya Volkovich

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Author Details

Russell Impagliazzo
  • Department of Computer Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Valentine Kabanets
  • School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
Ilya Volkovich
  • Computer Science Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their detailed comments and suggestions on the previous version of the paper.

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Russell Impagliazzo, Valentine Kabanets, and Ilya Volkovich. Synergy Between Circuit Obfuscation and Circuit Minimization. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 275, pp. 31:1-31:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.31

Abstract

We study close connections between Indistinguishability Obfuscation (IO) and the Minimum Circuit Size Problem (MCSP), and argue that efficient algorithms/construction for MCSP and IO create a synergy. Some of our main results are:  
- If there exists a perfect (imperfect) IO that is computationally secure against nonuniform polynomial-size circuits, then for all k ∈ ℕ: NP ∩ ZPP^{MCSP} ⊈ SIZE[n^k] (MA ∩ ZPP^{MCSP} ⊈ SIZE[n^k]). 
- In addition, if there exists a perfect IO that is computationally secure against nonuniform polynomial-size circuits, then NEXP ∩ ZPEXP^{MCSP} ⊈ P/poly.
- If MCSP ∈ BPP, then statistical security and computational security for IO are equivalent.
- If computationally-secure perfect IO exists, then MCSP ∈ BPP iff NP = ZPP.
- If computationally-secure perfect IO exists, then ZPEXP ≠ BPP.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first consequence of strong circuit lower bounds from the existence of an IO. The results are obtained via a construction of an optimal universal distinguisher, computable in randomized polynomial time with access to the MCSP oracle, that will distinguish any two circuit-samplable distributions with the advantage that is the statistical distance between these two distributions minus some negligible error term. This is our main technical contribution. As another immediate application, we get a simple proof of the result by Allender and Das (Inf. Comput., 2017) that SZK ⊆ BPP^{MCSP}.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Cryptographic primitives
  • Theory of computation → Complexity classes
  • Theory of computation → Circuit complexity
Keywords
  • Minimal Circuit Size Problem (MCSP)
  • Circuit Lower Bounds
  • Complexity Classes
  • Indistinguishability Obfuscation
  • Separation of Classes
  • Statistical Distance

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