BAT-LZ out of hell

Authors Zsuzsanna Lipták , Francesco Masillo , Gonzalo Navarro



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Zsuzsanna Lipták
  • Dipartimento di Informatica, University of Verona, Italy
Francesco Masillo
  • Dipartimento di Informatica, University of Verona, Italy
Gonzalo Navarro
  • Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Computer Science, University of Chile, Chile

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Zsuzsanna Lipták, Francesco Masillo, and Gonzalo Navarro. BAT-LZ out of hell. In 35th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 296, pp. 21:1-21:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2024.21

Abstract

Despite consistently yielding the best compression on repetitive text collections, the Lempel-Ziv parsing has resisted all attempts at offering relevant guarantees on the cost to access an arbitrary symbol. This makes it less attractive for use on compressed self-indexes and other compressed data structures. In this paper we introduce a variant we call BAT-LZ (for Bounded Access Time Lempel-Ziv) where the access cost is bounded by a parameter given at compression time. We design and implement a linear-space algorithm that, in time O(nlog³ n), obtains a BAT-LZ parse of a text of length n by greedily maximizing each next phrase length. The algorithm builds on a new linear-space data structure that solves 5-sided orthogonal range queries in rank space, allowing updates to the coordinate where the one-sided queries are supported, in O(log³ n) time for both queries and updates. This time can be reduced to O(log² n) if O(nlog n) space is used. 
We design a second algorithm that chooses the sources for the phrases in a clever way, using an enhanced suffix tree, albeit no longer guaranteeing longest possible phrases. This algorithm is much slower in theory, but in practice it is comparable to the greedy parser, while achieving significantly superior compression. We then combine the two algorithms, resulting in a parser that always chooses the longest possible phrases, and the best sources for those. Our experimentation shows that, on most repetitive texts, our algorithms reach an access cost close to log₂ n on texts of length n, while incurring almost no loss in the compression ratio when compared with classical LZ-compression. Several open challenges are discussed at the end of the paper.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Data structures design and analysis
Keywords
  • Lempel-Ziv parsing
  • data compression
  • compressed data structures
  • repetitive text collections

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