We study the traveling salesman problem (TSP) in the case when the objective function of the subtour linear programming relaxation is minimized by a half-cycle point: x_e in {0,1/2,1} where the half-edges form a 2-factor and the 1-edges form a perfect matching. Such points are sufficient to resolve half-integer TSP in general and they have been conjectured to demonstrate the largest integrality gap for the subtour relaxation. For half-cycle points, the best-known approximation guarantee is 3/2 due to Christofides' famous algorithm. Proving an integrality gap of alpha for the subtour relaxation is equivalent to showing that alpha x can be written as a convex combination of tours, where x is any feasible solution for this relaxation. To beat Christofides' bound, our goal is to show that (3/2 - epsilon)x can be written as a convex combination of tours for some positive constant epsilon. Let y_e = 3/2-epsilon when x_e = 1 and y_e = 3/4 when x_e = 1/2. As a first step towards this goal, our main result is to show that y can be written as a convex combination of tours. In other words, we show that we can save on 1-edges, which has several applications. Among them, it gives an alternative algorithm for the recently studied uniform cover problem. Our main new technique is a procedure to glue tours over proper 3-edge cuts that are tight with respect to x, thus reducing the problem to a base case in which such cuts do not occur.
@InProceedings{haddadan_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2019.56, author = {Haddadan, Arash and Newman, Alantha}, title = {{Towards Improving Christofides Algorithm for Half-Integer TSP}}, booktitle = {27th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2019)}, pages = {56:1--56:12}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-124-5}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2019}, volume = {144}, editor = {Bender, Michael A. and Svensson, Ola and Herman, Grzegorz}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.56}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-111772}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2019.56}, annote = {Keywords: Traveling salesman problem, subtour elimination relaxation, integrality gap, gluing subtours} }
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