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Deciding Twin-Width at Most 4 Is NP-Complete

Authors Pierre Bergé, Édouard Bonnet , Hugues Déprés

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ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Graph algorithms analysis
  • Theory of computation → Fixed parameter tractability
Keywords
  • Twin-width
  • lower bounds

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Abstract

We show that determining if an n-vertex graph has twin-width at most 4 is NP-complete, and requires time 2^Ω(n/log n) unless the Exponential-Time Hypothesis fails. Along the way, we give an elementary proof that n-vertex graphs subdivided at least 2 log n times have twin-width at most 4. We also show how to encode trigraphs H (2-edge colored graphs involved in the definition of twin-width) into graphs G, in the sense that every d-sequence (sequence of vertex contractions witnessing that the twin-width is at most d) of G inevitably creates H as an induced subtrigraph, whereas there exists a partial d-sequence that actually goes from G to H. We believe that these facts and their proofs can be of independent interest.

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Pierre Bergé, Édouard Bonnet, and Hugues Déprés. Deciding Twin-Width at Most 4 Is NP-Complete. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 18:1-18:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.18

Author Details

Pierre Bergé
  • Univ Lyon, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIP UMR5668, France
Édouard Bonnet
  • Univ Lyon, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIP UMR5668, France
Hugues Déprés
  • Univ Lyon, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIP UMR5668, France

Funding

This paper was supported by the ANR projects TWIN-WIDTH (ANR-21-CE48-0014-01) and Digraphs (ANR-19-CE48-0013-01).

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Eunjung Kim, Stéphan Thomassé, and Rémi Watrigant.

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