We present powerful techniques for computing the diameter, all the eccentricities, and other related distance problems on some geometric graph classes, by exploiting their "tree-likeness" properties. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach as follows: - We propose a subquadratic-time algorithm for computing all eccentricities on partial cubes of bounded lattice dimension and isometric dimension O(n^{0.5-ε}). This is one of the first positive results achieved for the diameter problem on a subclass of partial cubes beyond median graphs. - Then, we obtain almost linear-time algorithms for computing all eccentricities in some classes of face-regular plane graphs, including benzenoid systems, with applications to chemistry. Previously, only a linear-time algorithm for computing the diameter and the center was known (and an Õ(n^{5/3})-time algorithm for computing all the eccentricities). - We also present an almost linear-time algorithm for computing the eccentricities in a polygon graph with an additive one-sided error of at most 2. - Finally, on any cube-free median graph, we can compute its absolute center in almost linear time. Independently from this work, Bergé and Habib have recently presented a linear-time algorithm for computing all eccentricities in this graph class (LAGOS'21), which also implies a linear-time algorithm for the absolute center problem. Our strategy here consists in exploiting the existence of some embeddings of these graphs in either a system or a product of trees, or in a single tree but where each vertex of the graph is embedded in a subset of nodes. While this may look like a natural idea, the way it can be done efficiently, which is our main technical contribution in the paper, is surprisingly intricate.
@InProceedings{ducoffe:LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.43, author = {Ducoffe, Guillaume}, title = {{Isometric Embeddings in Trees and Their Use in Distance Problems}}, booktitle = {46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2021)}, pages = {43:1--43:16}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-201-3}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2021}, volume = {202}, editor = {Bonchi, Filippo and Puglisi, Simon J.}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.43}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-144835}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.43}, annote = {Keywords: Tree embeddings, Range queries, Centroid decomposition, Heavy-path decomposition, Diameter, Radius and all Eccentricities computations} }
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