Document Open Access Logo

Solida: A Blockchain Protocol Based on Reconfigurable Byzantine Consensus

Authors Ittai Abraham, Dahlia Malkhi, Kartik Nayak, Ling Ren, Alexander Spiegelman

PDF
Thumbnail PDF

File

LIPIcs.OPODIS.2017.25.pdf
  • Filesize: 0.55 MB
  • 19 pages

Document Identifiers

Author Details

Ittai Abraham
Dahlia Malkhi
Kartik Nayak
Ling Ren
Alexander Spiegelman

Cite AsGet BibTex

Ittai Abraham, Dahlia Malkhi, Kartik Nayak, Ling Ren, and Alexander Spiegelman. Solida: A Blockchain Protocol Based on Reconfigurable Byzantine Consensus. In 21st International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 95, pp. 25:1-25:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2017.25

Abstract

The decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin has experienced great success but also encountered many challenges. One of the challenges has been the long confirmation time. Another chal- lenge is the lack of incentives at certain steps of the protocol, raising concerns for transaction withholding, selfish mining, etc. To address these challenges, we propose Solida, a decentralized blockchain protocol based on reconfigurable Byzantine consensus augmented by proof-of-work. Solida improves on Bitcoin in confirmation time, and provides safety and liveness assuming the adversary control less than (roughly) one-third of the total mining power.
Keywords
  • Cryptocurrency
  • Blockchain
  • Byzantine fault tolerance
  • Reconfiguration

Metrics

  • Access Statistics
  • Total Accesses (updated on a weekly basis)
    0
    PDF Downloads
    0
    Metadata Views

References

  1. Ittai Abraham and Dahlia Malkhi. BVP: Byzantine vertical paxos, 2016. Google Scholar
  2. Joseph A Akinyele, Christina Garman, Ian Miers, Matthew W Pagano, Michael Rushanan, Matthew Green, and Aviel D Rubin. Charm: a framework for rapidly prototyping cryptosystems. Journal of Cryptographic Engineering, 3(2):111-128, 2013. Google Scholar
  3. Alysson Bessani, João Sousa, and Eduardo EP Alchieri. State machine replication for the masses with bft-smart. In Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN), 2014 44th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on, pages 355-362. IEEE, 2014. Google Scholar
  4. Dan Boneh, Ben Lynn, and Hovav Shacham. Short signatures from the weil pairing. pages 514-532. Springer, 2001. Google Scholar
  5. Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov. Practical byzantine fault tolerance. In Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation, pages 173-186. USENIX Association, 1999. Google Scholar
  6. Jing Chen and Silvio Micali. Algorand: The efficient and democratic ledger, 2016. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.01341.pdf.
  7. CoinDesk. Average number of transactions per block, accessed Aug, 2016. URL: https://www.coindesk.com/data/bitcoin-number-transactions-per-block/.
  8. Christian Decker, Jochen Seidel, and Roger Wattenhofer. Bitcoin meets strong consistency. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking, page 13. ACM, 2016. Google Scholar
  9. Ittay Eyal, Adem Efe Gencer, Emin Gün Sirer, and Robbert Van Renesse. Bitcoin-NG: A scalable blockchain protocol. In 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16), pages 45-59, 2016. Google Scholar
  10. Ittay Eyal and Emin Gün Sirer. Majority is not enough: Bitcoin mining is vulnerable. In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pages 436-454. Springer, 2014. Google Scholar
  11. Bryan Ford. Untangling mining incentives in bitcoin and byzcoin, 2016. URL: http://bford.github.io/2016/10/25/mining/.
  12. Juan Garay, Aggelos Kiayias, and Nikos Leonardos. The Bitcoin backbone protocol: Analysis and applications. In Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, pages 281-310. Springer, 2015. Google Scholar
  13. Flavio P Junqueira, Benjamin C Reed, and Marco Serafini. Zab: High-performance broadcast for primary-backup systems. In Dependable Systems &Networks (DSN), 2011 IEEE/IFIP 41st International Conference on, pages 245-256. IEEE, 2011. Google Scholar
  14. Jonathan Katz and Chiu-Yuen Koo. On expected constant-round protocols for byzantine agreement. J. Comput. Syst. Sci., 75(2):91-112, 2009. Google Scholar
  15. Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Philipp Jovanovic, Nicolas Gailly, Ismail Khoffi, Linus Gasser, and Bryan Ford. Enhancing Bitcoin security and performance with strong consistency via collective signing. In 25th USENIX Security Symposium, pages 279-296. USENIX Association, 2016. Google Scholar
  16. Leslie Lamport. The part-time parliament. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), 16(2):133-169, 1998. Google Scholar
  17. Leslie Lamport, Dahlia Malkhi, and Lidong Zhou. Vertical paxos and primary-backup replication. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing, pages 312-313. ACM, 2009. Google Scholar
  18. Leslie Lamport, Robert Shostak, and Marshall Pease. The byzantine generals problem. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), 4(3):382-401, 1982. Google Scholar
  19. Yoad Lewenberg, Yonatan Sompolinsky, and Aviv Zohar. Inclusive block chain protocols. In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pages 528-547. Springer, 2015. Google Scholar
  20. Shengyun Liu, Christian Cachin, Vivien Quéma, and Marko Vukolic. XFT: practical fault tolerance beyond crashes. In 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, pages 485-500. USENIX Association, 2016. Google Scholar
  21. Loi Luu, Viswesh Narayanan, Chaodong Zheng, Kunal Baweja, Seth Gilbert, and Prateek Saxena. A secure sharding protocol for open blockchains. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pages 17-30. ACM, 2016. Google Scholar
  22. Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 2008. Google Scholar
  23. Kartik Nayak, Srijan Kumar, Andrew Miller, and Elaine Shi. Stubborn mining: Generalizing selfish mining and combining with an eclipse attack. In 2016 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P), pages 305-320. IEEE, 2016. Google Scholar
  24. Diego Ongaro and John K Ousterhout. In search of an understandable consensus algorithm. In USENIX Annual Technical Conference, pages 305-319, 2014. Google Scholar
  25. Rafael Pass, Lior Seeman, and Abhi Shelat. Analysis of the blockchain protocol in asynchronous networks. In Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2017, pages 643-673. Springer International Publishing, 2017. Google Scholar
  26. Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi. Hybrid consensus: Efficient consensus in the permissionless model. 2016. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/917. Google Scholar
  27. Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi. Fruitchains: A fair blockchain. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pages 315-324. ACM, 2017. Google Scholar
  28. Joseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja. The Bitcoin lightning network: Scalable off-chain instant payments. Technical Report., 2015. URL: https://lightning.network.
  29. Ling Ren, Kartik Nayak, Ittai Abraham, and Srinivas Devadas. Practical synchronous byzantine consensus. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2017/307, 2017. URL: http://eprint.iacr.org/2017/307.
  30. Rodrigo Rodrigues, Barbara Liskov, Kathryn Chen, Moses Liskov, and David Schultz. Automatic reconfiguration for large-scale reliable storage systems. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 9(2):145-158, 2012. Google Scholar
  31. Yonatan Sompolinsky, Yoad Lewenberg, and Aviv Zohar. SPECTRE: A fast and scalable cryptocurrency protocol, 2016. Google Scholar
  32. Yonatan Sompolinsky and Aviv Zohar. Secure high-rate transaction processing in bitcoin. In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pages 507-527. Springer, 2015. Google Scholar
Questions / Remarks / Feedback
X

Feedback for Dagstuhl Publishing


Thanks for your feedback!

Feedback submitted

Could not send message

Please try again later or send an E-mail
© 2023-2024 Schloss Dagstuhl – LZI GmbH Imprint Privacy Contact