Result Diversity for Multi-Modal Route Planning

We study multi-modal route planning allowing arbitrary (meaningful) combinations of public transportation, walking, and taking a car / taxi. In the straightforward model, the number of Pareto-optimal solutions explodes. It turns out that many of them are similar to each other or unreasonable. We introduce a new filtering procedure, Types aNd Thresholds (TNT), which leads to a small yet representative subset of the reasonable paths. We consider metropolitan areas like New York, where a fast computation of the paths is difficult. To reduce the high computation times, optimality-preserving and heuristic approaches are introduced. We experimentally evaluate our approach with respect to result quality and query time. The experiments confirm that our result sets are indeed small (around 5 results per query) and representative (among the reasonable Pareto-optimal paths), and with average query times of about one second or less.