Document Open Access Logo

Introductory Programming in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Authors Gabryella Rodrigues , Ana Francisca Monteiro , António Osório

PDF
Thumbnail PDF

File

OASIcs.ICPEC.2022.4.pdf
  • Filesize: 0.53 MB
  • 17 pages

Document Identifiers

Author Details

Gabryella Rodrigues
  • Research Centre on Education (CIEd), Institute of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Ana Francisca Monteiro
  • Research Centre on Education (CIEd), Institute of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
António Osório
  • Research Centre on Education (CIEd), Institute of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

Funding

This work is supported by CIEd - Research Centre on Education, Institute of Education, University of Minho, and funded by FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, scholarship nº2021.07850.BD.

Cite AsGet BibTex

Gabryella Rodrigues, Ana Francisca Monteiro, and António Osório. Introductory Programming in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review. In Third International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2022). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 102, pp. 4:1-4:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)
https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2022.4

Abstract

A systematic literature review was performed on 33 papers obtained from the ACM, IEEE and Sciencedirect databases, in order to understand in depth, the introductory programming discipline (CS1) in higher education. Recently published works have been covered, providing an overview of the teaching-learning process of introductory programming and enabling to find out whether the research developed by universities worldwide is in line with the proposals made by ACM/IEEE-CS group for computer courses, regarding the transition to the competency-based model. The results show that the new techniques/technologies currently used in software development, as an example of agile methodology, has influenced the teaching-learning process of CS1 together with methods such as visual programming and e-learning. The analyzed papers discuss the importance of developing not only technical, but also social skills, corroborating that methodologies used in introductory programming courses need to focus on preparing students for an increasingly competitive market, associating new skills with technical aspects.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • General and reference → Surveys and overviews
Keywords
  • systematic literature review
  • CS1
  • introductory programming
  • teaching programming
  • learning programming

Metrics

  • Access Statistics
  • Total Accesses (updated on a weekly basis)
    0
    PDF Downloads
    0
    Metadata Views

References

  1. Ella Albrecht, Fabian Gumz, and Jens Grabowski. (R08) Experiences in Introducing Blended Learning in an Introductory Programming Course. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference of Software Engineering Education, ECSEE'18, pages 93-101, New York, NY, USA, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Seeon/ Bavaria, Germany. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3209087.3209101.
  2. Saleh Alhazbi and Osama Halabi. (R09) Flipping Introductory Programming Class: Potentials, Challenges, and Research Gaps. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers, ICETC '18, pages 27-32, New York, NY, USA, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Tokyo, Japan. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3290511.3290552.
  3. Mike Barkmin and Torsten Brinda. Analysis of programming assessments — building an open repository for measuring competencies. In Koli Calling '20: Proceedings of the 20th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research, Koli Calling '20, New York, NY, USA, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3428029.3428039.
  4. Brett A. Becker, Catherine Mooney, Amruth N. Kumar, and Sean Russell. (R26) A Simple, Language-Independent Approach to Identifying Potentially At-Risk Introductory Programming Students. In Australasian Computing Education Conference, ACE '21, pages 168-175, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Virtual, SA, Australia. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3441636.3442318.
  5. Brett A. Becker and Keith Quille. 50 years of cs1 at sigcse: A review of the evolution of introductory programming education research. In Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE '19, pages 338-344, New York, NY, USA, 2019. Association for Computing Machinery. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287432.
  6. Jeremiah Blanchard, Christina Gardner-McCune, and Lisa Anthony. (R30) Dual Modality Instruction & Programming Environments: Student Usage & Perceptions. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE '21, pages 481-487, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Virtual Event, USA. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432434.
  7. Yorah Bosse, David Redmiles, and Marco A. Gerosa. (R18) Pedagogical Content for Professors of Introductory Programming Courses. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, pages 429-435. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3304221.3319776.
  8. Karen Brennan and Mitchel Resnick. New frameworks for studying and assessing the development of computational thinking. In Proceedings of the 2012 annual meeting of the American educational research association, Vancouver, Canada, volume 1, page 25, 2012. Google Scholar
  9. Pearl Brereton, Barbara Kitchenham, David Budgen, Mark Turner, and Mohamed Khalil. Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain. Journal of Systems and Software, 80(4):571-583, 2007. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.009.
  10. David W. Brown, Sheikh K. Ghafoor, and Stephen Canfield. (R13) Instruction of Introductory Programming Course Using Multiple Contexts. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE 2018, pages 147-152, New York, NY, USA, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Larnaca, Cyprus. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3197091.3197105.
  11. Parmit Chilana, Celena Alcock, Shruti Dembla, Anson Ho, Ada Hurst, Brett Armstrong, and Philip Guo. Perceptions of non-CS majors in intro programming: The rise of the conversational programmer. In 2015 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC), pages 251-259, 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2015.7357224.
  12. Rodrigo Silva Duran, Jan-Mikael Rybicki, Arto Hellas, and Sanna Suoranta. (R24) Towards a Common Instrument for Measuring Prior Programming Knowledge. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, pages 443-449. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3304221.3319755.
  13. Nikita Dümmel, Bernhard Westfechtel, and Matthias Ehmann. (R17) MuLE: A Multiparadigm Language for Education. The Object-Oriented Part of the Language. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, ECSEE '20, pages 32-41, New York, NY, USA, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Seeon/Bavaria, Germany. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3396802.3396806.
  14. Cenk Erdil and Darcy Ronan. Implementing CS0 with Computer Science Principles Curriculum. In Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE '19, page 1272, New York, NY, USA, 2019. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Minneapolis, MN, USA. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3293791.
  15. Osman Erol and Adile Aşkım Kurt. (R22) The effects of teaching programming with scratch on pre-service information technology teachers' motivation and achievement. Computers in Human Behavior, 77:11-18, 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.017.
  16. Katia Romero Felizardo, Emilia Mendes, Marcos Kalinowski, Érica Ferreira Souza, and Nandamudi L. Vijaykumar. Using forward snowballing to update systematic reviews in software engineering. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, ESEM '16, New York, NY, USA, 2016. Association for Computing Machinery. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/2961111.2962630.
  17. José Figueiredo and Francisco García-Peñalvo. (R32) Teaching and Learning Tools for Introductory Programming in University Courses. In 2021 International Symposium on Computers in Education (SIIE), pages 1-6, 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIE53363.2021.9583623.
  18. The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula 2001. Computing curricula 2001. Journal on Educational Resources in Computing (JERIC), 1(3ª), 2001. Publisher: ACM New York, NY, USA. Google Scholar
  19. The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula 2020. Computing Curricula 2020: Paradigms for Global Computing Education. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2020. Google Scholar
  20. G. Cooper, R. Walker, E. Hill, and N. Waksmanski. (R12) Incorporating IoT and Data Analytics in an Introductory Programming Course. In 2020 15th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE), pages 169-175, August 2020. Journal Abbreviation: 2020 15th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE). URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSE49874.2020.9201863.
  21. Luke Gusukuma, Austin Cory Bart, Dennis Kafura, and Jeremy Ernst. (R16) Misconception-Driven Feedback: Results from an Experimental Study. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research, ICER '18, pages 160-168, New York, NY, USA, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Espoo, Finland. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3230977.3231002.
  22. H. Amer and S. Harous. (R20) Smart-Learning Course Transformation for an Introductory Programming Course. In 2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), pages 463-465, July 2017. Journal Abbreviation: 2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT). URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2017.91.
  23. Matthew Hertz. What Do "CS1" and "CS2" Mean? Investigating Differences in the Early Courses. In Proceedings of the 41st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE '10, pages 199-203, New York, NY, USA, 2010. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/1734263.1734335.
  24. Theresia Devi Indriasari, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, and Paul Denny. Improving student peer code review using gamification. In Australasian Computing Education Conference, ACE '21, pages 80-87, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3441636.3442308.
  25. J. Skalka, M. Drlík, and J. Obonya. (R05) Automated Assessment in Learning and Teaching Programming Languages using Virtual Learning Environment. In 2019 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), pages 689-697, April 2019. Journal Abbreviation: 2019 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2019.8725127.
  26. Yasmin B. Kafai and Quinn Burke. Computational Participation: Teaching Kids to Create and Connect Through Code. In Peter J. Rich and Charles B. Hodges, editors, Emerging Research, Practice, and Policy on Computational Thinking, pages 393-405. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52691-1_24.
  27. Hieke Keuning, Johan Jeuring, and Bastiaan Heeren. A systematic literature review of automated feedback generation for programming exercises. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ., 19(1), September 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3231711.
  28. Natalie Kiesler. (R25) Towards a Competence Model for the Novice Programmer Using Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy - An Empirical Approach. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE '20, pages 459-465, New York, NY, USA, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Trondheim, Norway. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3341525.3387419.
  29. Barbara Kitchenham and Stuart Charters. Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Citeseer, 2007. Google Scholar
  30. Elliot Koffman, Philip Miller, and Caroline Wardle. Recommended Curriculum for CS1, 1984. Commun. ACM, 27(10):998-1001, October 1984. Place: New York, NY, USA Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/358274.358279.
  31. Sirojiddin Komolov, Nursultan Askarbekuly, and Manuel Mazzara. An Empirical Study of Multi-Threading Paradigms Reactive Programming vs Continuation-Passing Style. In 2020 the 3rd International Conference on Computing and Big Data, ICCBD '20, pages 37-41, New York, NY, USA, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Taichung, Taiwan. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3418688.3418695.
  32. Patrick Korber and Renate Motschnig. The effects of pair-programming in introductory programming courses with visual and text-based languages. In 2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), pages 1-9, 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE49875.2021.9637186.
  33. L. Carlos Begosso, L. Ricardo Begosso, and N. Aragao Christ. (R03) An analysis of block-based programming environments for CS1. In 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), pages 1-5, October 2020. Journal Abbreviation: 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE44824.2020.9273982.
  34. L. M. de Souza, B. M. Ferreira, I. M. Félix, L. de Oliveira Brandão, A. A. F. Brandão, and P. A. Pereira. (R14) Mathematics and programming: marriage or divorce? In 2019 IEEE World Conference on Engineering Education (EDUNINE), pages 1-5, March 2019. Journal Abbreviation: 2019 IEEE World Conference on Engineering Education (EDUNINE). URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUNINE.2019.8875849.
  35. Philip I.S. Lei and António José Mendes. A systematic literature review on knowledge tracing in learning programming. In 2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), pages 1-7, 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE49875.2021.9637323.
  36. Madeleine Lorås, Guttorm Sindre, Hallvard Trætteberg, and Trond Aalberg. Study behavior in computing education - a systematic literature review. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ., 22(1), October 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3469129.
  37. Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Simon, Ibrahim Albluwi, Brett A. Becker, Michail Giannakos, Amruth N. Kumar, Linda Ott, James Paterson, Michael James Scott, Judy Sheard, and Claudia Szabo. Introductory programming: A systematic literature review. In Proceedings Companion of the 23rd Annual ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE 2018 Companion, pages 55-106, New York, NY, USA, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3293881.3295779.
  38. M. F. Ercan and D. Sale. (R21) Teaching programming: An evidence based and reflective approach. In 2020 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE (TENCON), pages 997-1001, November 2020. Journal Abbreviation: 2020 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE (TENCON). URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON50793.2020.9293812.
  39. B. Marín, J. Frez, J. Cruz-Lemus, and M. Genero. (R04) An Empirical Investigation on the Benefits of Gamification in Programming Courses. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ., 19(1), November 2018. Place: New York, NY, USA Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3231709.
  40. Rodrigo Pessoa Medeiros, Geber Lisboa Ramalho, and Taciana Pontual Falcão. A systematic literature review on teaching and learning introductory programming in higher education. IEEE Transactions on Education, 62(2):77-90, 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2018.2864133.
  41. Nathan Mills, Allen Wang, and Nasser Giacaman. (R31) Visual Analogy for Understanding Polymorphism Types. In Australasian Computing Education Conference, ACE '21, pages 48-57, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Virtual, SA, Australia. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3441636.3442304.
  42. Elisa Yumi Nakagawa, Kátia Romero Felizardo Scannavino, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz Fabbri, and Fabiano Cutigi Ferrari. Revisão sistemática da literatura em engenharia de software: teoria e prática. Elsevier Brasil, 2017. Google Scholar
  43. Task Group on Computer Engineering Curricula. Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Engineering. Technical report, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2016. Google Scholar
  44. Task Group on Computer Science Curricula. Computer Science Curricula 2013: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Science. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2013. Google Scholar
  45. Task Group on Information Technology Curricula. Information Technology Curricula 2017: Curriculum Guidelines for Baccalaureate Degree Programs in Information Technology. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2017. Google Scholar
  46. P. E. Martínez López, D. Ciolek, G. Arévalo, and D. Pari. (R23) The GOBSTONES method for teaching computer programming. In 2017 XLIII Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI), pages 1-9, September 2017. Journal Abbreviation: 2017 XLIII Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI). URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEI.2017.8226428.
  47. Fredi E. Palominos, Seomara K. Palominos, Claudia A. Durán, Felisa M. Córdova, and Hernán Díaz. (R06) Challenges in the use of a support tool with automated review in student learning of programming courses. Procedia Computer Science, 139:424-431, 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.260.
  48. Filipe Dwan Pereira, Samuel C. Fonseca, Elaine H. T. Oliveira, Alexandra I. Cristea, Henrik Bellhäuser, Luiz Rodrigues, David B. F. Oliveira, Seiji Isotani, and Leandro S. G. Carvalho. (R33) Explaining Individual and Collective Programming Students’ Behavior by Interpreting a Black-Box Predictive Model. IEEE Access, 9:117097-117119, 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3105956.
  49. Reinhold Plösch and Cornelia Neumüller. (R07) Does Static Analysis Help Software Engineering Students? In Proceedings of the 2020 9th International Conference on Educational and Information Technology, ICEIT 2020, pages 247-253, New York, NY, USA, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Oxford, United Kingdom. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3383923.3383957.
  50. James Prather, Raymond Pettit, Kayla McMurry, Alani Peters, John Homer, and Maxine Cohen. (R15) Metacognitive Difficulties Faced by Novice Programmers in Automated Assessment Tools. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research, ICER '18, pages 41-50, New York, NY, USA, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Espoo, Finland. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3230977.3230981.
  51. Vijayalakshmi Ramasamy, Hakam W. Alomari, James D. Kiper, and Geoffrey Potvin. (R02) A Minimally Disruptive Approach of Integrating Testing into Computer Programming Courses. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Software Engineering Education for Millennials, SEEM '18, pages 1-7, New York, NY, USA, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Gothenburg, Sweden. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3194779.3194790.
  52. S. M. Souza and R. A. Bittencourt. (R19) Report of a CS1 Course for Computer Engineering Majors Based on PBL. In 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), pages 837-846, April 2020. Journal Abbreviation: 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON45650.2020.9125121.
  53. Leonardo Silva, António José Mendes, and Anabela Gomes. Computer-supported collaborative learning in programming education: A systematic literature review. In 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), pages 1086-1095, 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON45650.2020.9125237.
  54. Sheryl Sorby. A Course in Spatial Visualization and its Impact on the Retention of Female Engineering Students. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 7:50, January 2001. URL: https://doi.org/10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.v7.i2.50.
  55. Kristin Stephens-Martinez and Armando Fox. (R10) Giving Hints is Complicated: Understanding the Challenges of an Automated Hint System Based on Frequent Wrong Answers. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE 2018, pages 45-50, New York, NY, USA, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Larnaca, Cyprus. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3197091.3197102.
  56. Shelsey Sullivan, Hillary Swanson, and John Edwards. (R28) Student Attitudes Toward Syntax Exercises in CS1. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE '21, pages 782-788, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Virtual Event, USA. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432399.
  57. Lasang Jimba Tamang, Zeyad Alshaikh, Nisrine Ait Khayi, Priti Oli, and Vasile Rus. (R29) A Comparative Study of Free Self-Explanations and Socratic Tutoring Explanations for Source Code Comprehension. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE '21, pages 219-225, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Virtual Event, USA. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432423.
  58. Damla Topalli and Nergiz Ercil Cagiltay. (R11) Improving programming skills in engineering education through problem-based game projects with Scratch. Computers & Education, 120:64-74, 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.01.011.
  59. Jacqueline Whalley, Amber Settle, and Andrew Luxton-Reilly. (R27) Novice Reflections on Debugging. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE '21, pages 73-79, New York, NY, USA, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Virtual Event, USA. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3408877.3432374.
  60. Jeannette Wing. Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3):33-35, 2006. Publisher: ACM New York, NY, USA. Google Scholar
  61. Jeannette Wing. Computational Thinking. J. Comput. Sci. Coll., 24(6):6-7, June 2009. Place: Evansville, IN, USA Publisher: Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges. Google Scholar
  62. Lan Wu, Yang Liu, Axi Wang, YuanLi Gong, and ShengQuan Yu. An analysis of Interaction of Cognitive and Social Aspects during Collaborative Problem Solving. In 2021 International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), pages 105-107, 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT52272.2021.00039.
  63. Jooyong Yi, Umair Z. Ahmed, Amey Karkare, Shin Hwei Tan, and Abhik Roychoudhury. (R01) A Feasibility Study of Using Automated Program Repair for Introductory Programming Assignments. In Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering, ESEC/FSE 2017, pages 740-751, New York, NY, USA, 2017. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Paderborn, Germany. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3106237.3106262.
  64. Daeng Zuhud. Some Prospective Approaches for the Shift of Programming Paradigms. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Information Systems and Design of Communication, ISDOC '13, pages 87-93, New York, NY, USA, 2013. Association for Computing Machinery. event-place: Lisboa, Portugal. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/2503859.2503873.
Questions / Remarks / Feedback
X

Feedback for Dagstuhl Publishing


Thanks for your feedback!

Feedback submitted

Could not send message

Please try again later or send an E-mail
© 2023-2024 Schloss Dagstuhl – LZI GmbH Imprint Privacy Contact