Document Open Access Logo

Digital Educational Resources in Programming Education: A Systematic Review of Resource Types and Teaching Challenges

Authors Ana Paula Silva Paulina Bezerra, Gabryella Rocha Rodrigues , Ceres Germanna Braga Morais

PDF

File

Thumbnail PDF
PDF
OASIcs.ICPEC.2026.12.pdf
  • Filesize: 2.73 MB
  • 15 pages

Document Identifiers

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Applied computing → Education
  • Information systems → Information retrieval
  • Computing methodologies → Knowledge representation and reasoning
Keywords
  • Digital Educational Resources
  • Programming Education
  • Resource Types
  • Teaching Challenges
  • Resource Selection

Metrics

Abstract

Teaching programming requires the use of different digital educational resources to support the understanding of abstract concepts and the development of problem-solving skills. However, these resources are often dispersed across multiple platforms, which makes their selection, evaluation, and reuse by teachers more difficult. This article presents a Systematic Literature Review on the use of digital educational resources in programming education, focusing on the types of resources employed, as well as their sources and reported difficulties. The review was conducted based on a structured protocol, including the definition of search strings, the selection of databases, and the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the quality assessment was applied, 27 primary studies composed the final analysis set. The results reveal a predominance of practice-oriented resources, such as programming exercises and interactive environments, along with the use of multimedia materials and reusable content. Despite this diversity, significant challenges persist, particularly those related to resource selection, pedagogical integration, material quality, and teachers' workload. These findings highlight the need for more structured approaches to support teachers in the effective use and organization of digital educational resources in programming education.

Cite As Get BibTex

Ana Paula Silva Paulina Bezerra, Gabryella Rocha Rodrigues, and Ceres Germanna Braga Morais. Digital Educational Resources in Programming Education: A Systematic Review of Resource Types and Teaching Challenges. In 7th International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2026). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 145, pp. 12:1-12:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026) https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2026.12

Author Details

Ana Paula Silva Paulina Bezerra
  • Graduate Program in Computer Science, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) and Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), Brazil
Gabryella Rocha Rodrigues
  • Federal Institute of Pará (IFPA), Brazil
Ceres Germanna Braga Morais
  • Department of Informatics, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Brazil
  • Graduate Program in Computer Science, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) and Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), Brazil

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Graduate Program of the State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) and Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA) for this submission.

Supplementary Materials

References

  1. Mohammad Abolnejadian, Sharareh Alipour, and Kamyar Taeb. Leveraging chatgpt for adaptive learning through personalized prompt-based instruction: A cs1 education case study. In Extended abstracts of the CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pages 1-8, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3613905.3637148.
  2. Abdulmalek Al-Gahmi, Yong Zhang, and Hugo Valle. Jupyter in the classroom: An experience report. In Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education-Volume 1, pages 425-431, 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3478431.3499379.
  3. Rahadyan Fannani Arif, Harits Ar Rosyid, and Utomo Pujianto. Design and implementation of interactive coding with gamification for web programming subject for vocational high school students. In 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEEIE), volume 6, pages 177-182. IEEE, 2019. Google Scholar
  4. Association for Computing Machinery. Computing curricula 2020: Paradigms for global computing education, 2020. Accessed on: Apr. 30, 2026. URL: https://www.acm.org/education/curricula-recommendations.
  5. Lorena A Barba. Engineers code: reusable open learning modules for engineering computations. Computing in Science & Engineering, 22(4):26-35, 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2020.2976002.
  6. Anastasiia Birillo, Mariia Tigina, Zarina Kurbatova, Anna Potriasaeva, Ilya Vlasov, Valerii Ovchinnikov, and Igor Gerasimov. Bridging education and development: Ides as interactive learning platforms. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE Workshop on Integrated Development Environments, pages 53-58, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3643796.3648454.
  7. Kevin Buffardi and Richert Wang. Integrating videos with programming practice. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Vol. 1, pages 241-247, 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3502718.3524778.
  8. Yige Chen and Bernardo Pereira Nunes. Stubents: Videos created by and for students, active learning resources in large and diverse computer science classrooms. In Proceedings of the 2024 Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1 (ITiCSE 2024), pages 653-659, New York, NY, USA, 2024. Association for Computing Machinery. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3649217.3653569.
  9. Hugo Costelha and Carlos Neves. Technical database on robotics-based educational platforms for k-12 students. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC), pages 167-172. IEEE, 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICARSC.2018.8374178.
  10. Josivan Pereira Da Silva, Paulo Henrique Gonçalves Pimentel, Luciano Gonçalves Pimentel, and Ismar Frango Silveira. Pixel python rpg: repurposing an entertainment game to an open educational resource for computer programming fundamentals. In 2021 XVI Latin American Conference on Learning Technologies (LACLO), pages 326-333. IEEE, 2021. Google Scholar
  11. Marcela Ribeiro de Oliveira, Israel Barreto Sant’Anna, Guilherme Scariot Ramos, Luis Carlos Erpen De Bona, Marcos Alexandre Castilho, Marcos Didonet Del Fabro, and Eduardo Todt. Open educational resources platform based on collective intelligence. In 2018 IEEE 4th International Conference on Collaboration and Internet Computing (CIC), pages 346-353. IEEE, 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2018.00053.
  12. Hillary Fleenor and Hyrum D Carroll. Creating an oer collection of automatically scored practice exercises for computer science 1. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, pages 1280-1280, 2020. Google Scholar
  13. Elena Harris and Richert Wang. Codewit. us: A platform for diverse perspectives in coding. In Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education-Volume 1, pages 780-786, 2022. Google Scholar
  14. Wahyu Nur Hidayat, Wiji Dwi Prasetyo, Ayu Najmatus Zahiroh, Esa Pramudheva Maydi Syahri, Mochammad Mu’iz Afdloly, and Rahajeng Kartika Sari. Development of gamification and live coding-based programming learning platform to foster learning motivation of vocational students. In 2023 International Conference on Electrical and Information Technology (IEIT), pages 299-304. IEEE, 2023. Google Scholar
  15. Muntasir Hoq, Atharva Patil, Kamil Akhuseyinoglu, Peter Brusilovsky, and Bita Akram. An automated approach to recommending relevant worked examples for programming problems. In Proceedings of the 56th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1, pages 527-533, 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3641554.3701951.
  16. Wenhui Hou and Xiaohan Yu. Exploring the blended teaching mode of python programming language course based on obe concepts. In Proceedings of the 2nd Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Education Digitalization and Computer Science International Conference, pages 434-439, 2025. Google Scholar
  17. Xiaoyan Jian, Feilong Li, and Zhaohong Liu. A study on the application of aigc context in the development of digital resources for online courses. In Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Teacher Education, pages 136-141, 2024. Google Scholar
  18. Diamantis Kintsakis and Maria Rangoussi. An early introduction to stem education: teaching computer programming principles to 5 th graders through an e-learning platform: a game-based approach. In 2017 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), pages 17-23. IEEE, 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2017.7942816.
  19. Barbara Kitchenham and Stuart Charters. Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Citeseer, 2007. Google Scholar
  20. Andrew Meads, Yu-Cheng Tu, and Gillian Dobbie. Moving a bootcamp-style computer science programme online: An experience report. In Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1, pages 785-791, 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569814.
  21. Ceres Germanna Braga Morais. Ensino e aprendizagem de programação: estudo de caso no Ensino Superior. Tese de doutoramento em ciências da educação, especialidade em tecnologia educativa, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal, 2021. Google Scholar
  22. Nektarios Moumoutzis, George Boukeas, Vassilis Vassilakis, Nikos Pappas, Chara Xanthaki, Ioannis Maragkoudakis, Antonios Deligiannakis, and Stavros Christodoulakis. Design, implementation and evaluation of a computer science teacher training programme for learning and teaching of python inside and outside school: Establishing and supporting code clubs to learn computer programming by self-contained examples. In Interactive Mobile Communication, Technologies and Learning, pages 575-586. Springer, 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75175-7_56.
  23. İbrahim Halil Özdemır, Tarık Kişla, and Serdar Stefano Tito. Mobile programming with kuika: A course design. In 2023 32nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Education in Electrical and Information Engineering (EAEEIE), pages 1-6. IEEE, 2023. Google Scholar
  24. James Paterson, Joshua Adams, Brian Hainey, and Sajid Nazir. A repository of resources and exemplars for the cloud curriculum. In Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Computing Education Practice, pages 9-12, 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3437914.3437971.
  25. Filipe Portela. A Generative Artificial Intelligence Tool to Correct Programming Exercises. In Ricardo Queirós, Mário Pinto, Filipe Portela, and Alberto Simões, editors, 6th International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2025), volume 133 of Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), pages 7:1-7:16, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2025. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. URL: https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2025.7.
  26. Xunchao Qiu, Chunyue Zhang, and Libo Zhao. Preliminary study on the online teaching mode of" technical fundamentals of web front-end" based on spoc and wechat. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Distance Education and Learning, pages 133-138, 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3543321.3543343.
  27. Ana Paula Silva. SLR Protocol. Text (visited on 2026-07-13). URL: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1WMa233ZR-LRSCwsrNX7SMtLi9cgrP3-1&usp=drive_fs, URL: https://doi.org/10.4230/artifacts.27126.
  28. Sebastian Speiser. Composition of open educational resources through dynamic linking of modular components. In Proceedings of the 2024 the 16th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers, pages 255-260, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3702163.3702423.
  29. Thomas Staubitz, Ralf Teusner, and Christoph Meinel. Towards a repository for open auto-gradable programming exercises. In 2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (TALE), pages 66-73. IEEE, 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/TALE.2017.8252306.
  30. Yan Watequlis Syaifudin, Siti Rohani, Nobuo Funabiki, and Pramana Yoga Saputra. Blending android programming learning assistance system into online android programming course. In 2021 9th International Conference on Information and Education Technology (ICIET), pages 26-33. IEEE, 2021. Google Scholar
  31. Nan Xie and Weimin Chen. Research on teaching reform of aigc empowering c language programming course. In Proceedings of the 2024 2nd International Conference on Information Education and Artificial Intelligence, pages 176-181, 2024. Google Scholar
Any Issues?
X

Feedback on the Current Page

CAPTCHA

Thanks for your feedback!

Feedback submitted to Dagstuhl Publishing

Could not send message

Please try again later or send an E-mail
© 2023-2026 Schloss Dagstuhl – LZI GmbH Schloss Dagstuhl – LZI GmbH About DROPS Imprint Privacy Contact