Document Open Access Logo

Event-Based Control Enters the Real-Time World: Perspectives and Pitfalls

Authors Silvano Seva , William Fornaciari , Alberto Leva

PDF

File

Thumbnail PDF
PDF
OASIcs.NG-RES.2021.4.pdf
  • Filesize: 475 kB
  • 11 pages

Document Identifiers

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Computer systems organization → Real-time system architecture
  • Computer systems organization → Embedded systems
Keywords
  • Real-time control
  • Wireless control
  • Event-based control
  • Cyber-physical systems
  • Industrial control networks
  • Industry 4.0

Metrics

  • Access Statistics
  • Total Accesses (updated on a weekly basis)
    0
    PDF Downloads
    0
    Metadata Views

Abstract

In the last years, event-based control techniques have been gaining a steadily increasing importance owing to the advantages they bring, such as reduced network traffic, low actuator wear, reduced energy consumption of the involved devices. Applying the event-based paradigm in the context of real-time control opens up new opportunities, but introduces new challenges as well. In this paper we provide an overview of both opportunities and challenges, outlining the major problems to be tackled and as a consequence future research directions.

Cite As Get BibTex

Silvano Seva, William Fornaciari, and Alberto Leva. Event-Based Control Enters the Real-Time World: Perspectives and Pitfalls. In Second Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2021). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 87, pp. 4:1-4:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021) https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2021.4

Author Details

Silvano Seva
  • DEIB, Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy
William Fornaciari
  • DEIB, Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy
Alberto Leva
  • DEIB, Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy

References

  1. G. Aceto, V. Persico, and A. Pescape. A survey on information and communication technologies for Industry 4.0: state-of-the-art, taxonomies, perspectives, and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21(4):3467-3501, 2019. Google Scholar
  2. E. Aranda Escolástico, M. Guinaldo, R. Heradio, J. Chacon, H. Vargas, J. Sánchez, and S. Dormido Bencomo. Event-based control: A bibliometric analysis of twenty years of research. IEEE Access, 8:47188-47208, 2020. Google Scholar
  3. K.E. Årzén. A simple event-based PID controller. In Proc. 14th IFAC World Congress, volume 18, pages 423-428, Beijing, China, 1999. Google Scholar
  4. S.A. Ashraf, I. Aktas, E. Eriksson, K.W. Helmersson, and J. Ansari. Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication for wireless factory automation: from LTE to 5G. In Proc. 21st IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Berlin, Germany, 2016. Google Scholar
  5. K.J. Åström. Event based control. In A. Astolfi and L. Marconi, editors, Analysis and Design of Nonlinear Control Systems, pages 127-147. Springer, Berlin, 2008. Google Scholar
  6. S. Baruah, V. Bonifaci, G. D'Angelo, H. Li, A. Marchetti Spaccamela, S. Van Der Ster, and L. Stougie. Preemptive uniprocessor scheduling of mixed-criticality sporadic task systems. Journal of the ACM, 62(2):14:1-14:33, 2015. Google Scholar
  7. S. Baruah and N. Fisher. The partitioned scheduling of sporadic real-time tasks on multiprocessor platforms. In Proc. 2005 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops, pages 346-353, Oslo, Norway, 2005. Google Scholar
  8. T. Blevins, D. Chen, S. Han, M. Nixon, and W. Wojsznis. Process control over real-time wireless sensor and actuator networks. In Proc. 17th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communication, 2015. Google Scholar
  9. T. Blevins, M. Nixon, and W. Wojsznis. Event based control applied to wireless throttling valves. In Proc. 1st International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing, Kraków, Poland, 2015. Google Scholar
  10. J. Chacón, J. Sánchez, L. Yebra, A. Visioli, and S. Dormido. Experimental study of two event-based PI controllers in a solar distributed collector field. In Proc. 12th European Control Conference, pages 626-631, Zürich, Switzerland, 2013. Google Scholar
  11. M. Dotoli, A. Fay, M. Miśkowicz, and C. Seatzu. Advanced control in factory automation: a survey. International Journal of Production Research, 55(5):1243-1259, 2017. Google Scholar
  12. Y. Wei et Al. RT-wifi: Real-time high-speed communication protocol for wireless cyber-physical control applications. In 2013 IEEE 34th Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 140-149, Nashville, Tennessee, 2013. Google Scholar
  13. G.Lipari and G. Buttazzo. Schedulability analysis of periodic and aperiodic tasks with resource constraints. Journal of Systems Architecture, 46(4):327-338, 2000. Google Scholar
  14. S.M. Hassan, R. Ibrahim, K. Bingi, T.D. Chung, and N. Saad. Application of wireless technology for control: A WirelessHART perspective. Procedia Computer Science, 105(supplement C):240-247, 2017. Google Scholar
  15. D. Henriksson and A. Cervin. Optimal on-line sampling period assignment for real-time control tasks based on plant state information. In Proc. 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pages 4469-4474, Seville, Spain, 2005. Google Scholar
  16. B. Hensel, J. Ploennigs, V. Vasyutynskyy, and K. Kabitzsch. A simple PI controller tuning rule for sensor energy efficiency with level-crossing sampling. In Proc. 9th IEEE International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, pages 1-6, Chemnitz, Germany, 2012. Google Scholar
  17. D. Jansen and H. Buttner. Real-time ethernet: the EtherCAT solution. Computing and Control Engineering, 15(1):16-21, 2004. Google Scholar
  18. K. Jeffay, D.F. Stanat, and C.U. Martel. On non-preemptive scheduling of period and sporadic tasks. In Proc. 12th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 129-139, San Antonio, TX, USA, 1991. Google Scholar
  19. J. Lunze and D. Lehmann. A state-feedback approach to event-based control. Automatica, 46(1):211-215, 2010. Google Scholar
  20. M. Maggio, F. Terraneo, and A. Leva. Task scheduling: A control-theoretical viewpoint for a general and flexible solution. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, 13(4):1-22, 2014. Google Scholar
  21. M. Marouf, L. George, and Y. Sorel. Schedulability analysis for a combination of non-preemptive strict periodic tasks and preemptive sporadic tasks. In Proc. 17th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, pages 1-8, Kraków, Poland, 2012. Google Scholar
  22. A. O'Dwyer. Handbook of PI and PID controller tuning rules. Imperial college press, London, United Kingdom, 2009. Google Scholar
  23. S. Seva, C.E. Lukaschewsky Mauriziano, W. Fornaciari, and A. Leva. A low energy FPGA platform for real-time event-based control. In Proc. 1st Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems, Bologna, Italy, 2020. Google Scholar
  24. F. Terraneo, A. Leva, S. Seva, M. Maggio, and A. V. Papadopoulos. Reverse flooding: Exploiting radio interference for efficient propagation delay compensation in WSN clock synchronization. In 2015 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 175-184, Rome, Italy, 2015. Google Scholar
  25. F. Terraneo, P. Polidori, A. Leva, and W. Fornaciari. TDMH-MAC: Real-time and multi-hop in the same wireless MAC. In Proc. 39th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 277-287, Nashville, TN, USA, 2018. Google Scholar
  26. F. Terraneo, L. Rinaldi, M. Maggio, A. V. Papadopoulos, and A. Leva. FLOPSYNC-2: Efficient monotonic clock synchronisation. In Proc. 35th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 11-20, Rome, Italy, 2014. Google Scholar
  27. Y. Wang, W.X. Zheng, and H. Zhang. Dynamic event-based control of nonlinear stochastic systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 62(12):6544-6551, 2017. Google Scholar
  28. Xuepei Wu and Lihua Xie. On the wireless extension of PROFINET networks. In Proc. 2019 IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium, pages 1-5, Singapore, 2019. Google Scholar
  29. H. Yang, K. Zhang, K. Zheng, and Y. Qian. Leveraging linear quadratic regulator cost and energy consumption for ultra-reliable and low-latency IoT control systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(9):8356-8371, 2020. Google Scholar
  30. X.M. Zhang, Q.L. Han, and Bao-Lin B.L. Zhang. An overview and deep investigation on sampled-data-based event-triggered control and filtering for networked systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 13(1):4-16, 2016. Google Scholar
Questions / Remarks / Feedback
X

Feedback for Dagstuhl Publishing


Thanks for your feedback!

Feedback submitted

Could not send message

Please try again later or send an E-mail
© 2023-2025 Schloss Dagstuhl – LZI GmbH About DROPS Imprint Privacy Contact