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Scalable Routing in a City-Scale Wi-Fi Network for Disaster Recovery

Authors Ziqian Liu , Om Chabra , James Lynch , Aaron Martin , Chenning Li , Hari Balakrishnan

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OASIcs.NINeS.2026.10.pdf
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ACM Subject Classification
  • Networks → Network protocols
  • Networks → Ad hoc networks
Keywords
  • mesh networking
  • disaster recovery
  • geographic routing
  • scalability
  • Wi-Fi

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Abstract

This paper presents CityMesh, a city-scale decentralized mesh network designed for disaster recovery and emergency scenarios. When wide-area Internet connectivity is unavailable or severely degraded, CityMesh leverages both static access points and mobile devices equipped with Wi-Fi to provide intra-city connectivity and reach opportunistic gateways to the Internet (e.g., via satellite links). The main contribution of this paper is a scalable routing protocol that supports millions of devices, addressing a long-standing limitation of wireless mesh and mobile ad hoc networks. Unlike prior approaches, CityMesh exploits rich building-location and building-geometry data from widely available city maps to guide route computation, improving packet delivery while significantly reducing transmission overhead. Simulation results from 70 cities show that CityMesh improves packet delivery rates by 88% over WEAVE (a state-of-the-art geographic routing protocol). A campus-scale deployment of 300 Wi-Fi devices across 31 buildings shows the practical deployability of CityMesh. These results demonstrate the promise of map-aware routing as a foundation for scalable, resilient city-wide Wi-Fi networks.

Cite As Get BibTex

Ziqian Liu, Om Chabra, James Lynch, Aaron Martin, Chenning Li, and Hari Balakrishnan. Scalable Routing in a City-Scale Wi-Fi Network for Disaster Recovery. In 1st New Ideas in Networked Systems (NINeS 2026). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 139, pp. 10:1-10:31, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026) https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.NINeS.2026.10

Author Details

Ziqian Liu
  • MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA
Om Chabra
  • MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA
James Lynch
  • MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA
Aaron Martin
  • MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA
Chenning Li
  • MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA
Hari Balakrishnan
  • MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA

Funding

This work was supported by DARPA Contract HR001120C0191.

Acknowledgements

We thank Manya Ghobadi for participating in several discussions on this project. We thank John Cheng, Tejas Patel, and the NINeS reviewers for their valuable feedback. We thank Snehadeep Gayen for assisting with data analysis and visualization.

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