37 Search Results for "Brown, Paul"


Document
Survey
Temporal Modelling in Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graphs: Use Cases, Requirements, Evaluation, and Decision Support

Authors: Oleksandra Bruns, Jörg Waitelonis, Jeff Z. Pan, and Harald Sack

Published in: TGDK, Volume 4, Issue 1 (2026). Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 4, Issue 1


Abstract
Our culture, history and world are in constant motion, continuously shaped by the flow of time, evolving narratives, and shifting relationships. Capturing this temporal complexity within cultural heritage (CH) knowledge graphs is essential for preserving the dynamic nature of human heritage. However, standard RDF predicates fail to effectively model the temporal aspects of cultural data, such as changing facts, evolving relationships, and temporal concepts. Over the past two decades, a variety of RDF-based approaches have been proposed to address this limitation, yet guidance is missing on which method best suits specific CH contexts. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of temporal RDF modelling approaches from a CH perspective. Based on an analysis of real-world CH use cases, core temporal requirements are identified that reflect both modelling expressivity and practical concerns. Six prominent approaches - RDF*, tRDF, Named Graphs, Singleton Property, N-ary Relations, and 4D Fluents - are assessed across these requirements. Our findings reveal that no single solution fits all scenarios, but suitable approaches can be selected based on project-specific priorities. To support practitioners, a decision-support tool is introduced to guide them in selecting the most suitable extension for their specific needs. This work provides practical guidance for CH modelling and contributes to the broader development of temporally aware Linked Data.

Cite as

Oleksandra Bruns, Jörg Waitelonis, Jeff Z. Pan, and Harald Sack. Temporal Modelling in Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graphs: Use Cases, Requirements, Evaluation, and Decision Support. In Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 2:1-2:46, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@Article{bruns_et_al:TGDK.4.1.2,
  author =	{Bruns, Oleksandra and Waitelonis, J\"{o}rg and Pan, Jeff Z. and Sack, Harald},
  title =	{{Temporal Modelling in Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graphs: Use Cases, Requirements, Evaluation, and Decision Support}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{2:1--2:46},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{4},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.4.1.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-256871},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.4.1.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Temporal Data Representation, RDF Extensions, Cultural Heritage, Knowledge Graphs}
}
Document
Anti-Concentration for the Unitary Haar Measure and Applications to Random Quantum Circuits

Authors: Bill Fefferman, Soumik Ghosh, and Wei Zhan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 362, 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)


Abstract
We prove a Carbery-Wright style anti-concentration inequality for the unitary Haar measure, by showing that the probability of a polynomial in the entries of a random unitary falling into an ε range is at most a polynomial in ε. Using it, we show that the scrambling speed of a random quantum circuit is lower bounded: Namely, every input qubit has an influence that is at least inverse exponential in depth, on any output qubit touched by its lightcone. Our result on scrambling speed works with high probability over the choice of a circuit from an ensemble, as opposed to just working in expectation. As an application, we give the first polynomial-time algorithm for learning log-depth random quantum circuits with Haar random gates up to polynomially small diamond distance, given oracle access to the circuit. Other applications of this new scrambling speed lower bound include: - An optimal Ω(log ε^{-1}) depth lower bound for ε-approximate unitary designs on any circuit architecture; - A polynomial-time quantum algorithm that computes the depth of a bounded-depth circuit, given oracle access to the circuit. Our learning and depth-testing algorithms apply to architectures defined over any geometric dimension, and can be generalized to a wide class of architectures with good lightcone properties.

Cite as

Bill Fefferman, Soumik Ghosh, and Wei Zhan. Anti-Concentration for the Unitary Haar Measure and Applications to Random Quantum Circuits. In 17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 362, pp. 57:1-57:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{fefferman_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.57,
  author =	{Fefferman, Bill and Ghosh, Soumik and Zhan, Wei},
  title =	{{Anti-Concentration for the Unitary Haar Measure and Applications to Random Quantum Circuits}},
  booktitle =	{17th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2026)},
  pages =	{57:1--57:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-410-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{362},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.57},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-253443},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2026.57},
  annote =	{Keywords: Haar measure, anti-concentration, random quanytum circuit, learning}
}
Document
Conversational Agents: A Framework for Evaluation (CAFE) (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 24352)

Authors: Christine Bauer, Li Chen, Nicola Ferro, Norbert Fuhr, Avishek Anand, Timo Breuer, Guglielmo Faggioli, Ophir Frieder, Hideo Joho, Jussi Karlgren, Johannes Kiesel, Bart P. Knijnenburg, Aldo Lipani, Lien Michiels, Andrea Papenmeier, Maria Soledad Pera, Mark Sanderson, Scott Sanner, Benno Stein, Johanne R. Trippas, Karin Verspoor, and Martijn C. Willemsen

Published in: Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 11, Issue 1 (2025)


Abstract
During the workshop, we deeply discussed what CONversational Information ACcess (CONIAC) is and its unique features, proposing a world model abstracting it, and defined the Conversational Agents Framework for Evaluation (CAFE) for the evaluation of CONIAC systems, consisting of six major components: 1) goals of the system’s stakeholders, 2) user tasks to be studied in the evaluation, 3) aspects of the users carrying out the tasks, 4) evaluation criteria to be considered, 5) evaluation methodology to be applied, and 6) measures for the quantitative criteria chosen.

Cite as

Christine Bauer, Li Chen, Nicola Ferro, Norbert Fuhr, Avishek Anand, Timo Breuer, Guglielmo Faggioli, Ophir Frieder, Hideo Joho, Jussi Karlgren, Johannes Kiesel, Bart P. Knijnenburg, Aldo Lipani, Lien Michiels, Andrea Papenmeier, Maria Soledad Pera, Mark Sanderson, Scott Sanner, Benno Stein, Johanne R. Trippas, Karin Verspoor, and Martijn C. Willemsen. Conversational Agents: A Framework for Evaluation (CAFE) (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 24352). In Dagstuhl Manifestos, Volume 11, Issue 1, pp. 19-67, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@Article{bauer_et_al:DagMan.11.1.19,
  author =	{Bauer, Christine and Chen, Li and Ferro, Nicola and Fuhr, Norbert and Anand, Avishek and Breuer, Timo and Faggioli, Guglielmo and Frieder, Ophir and Joho, Hideo and Karlgren, Jussi and Kiesel, Johannes and Knijnenburg, Bart P. and Lipani, Aldo and Michiels, Lien and Papenmeier, Andrea and Pera, Maria Soledad and Sanderson, Mark and Sanner, Scott and Stein, Benno and Trippas, Johanne R. and Verspoor, Karin and Willemsen, Martijn C.},
  title =	{{Conversational Agents: A Framework for Evaluation (CAFE) (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 24352)}},
  pages =	{19--67},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Manifestos},
  ISSN =	{2193-2433},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{11},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Bauer, Christine and Chen, Li and Ferro, Nicola and Fuhr, Norbert and Anand, Avishek and Breuer, Timo and Faggioli, Guglielmo and Frieder, Ophir and Joho, Hideo and Karlgren, Jussi and Kiesel, Johannes and Knijnenburg, Bart P. and Lipani, Aldo and Michiels, Lien and Papenmeier, Andrea and Pera, Maria Soledad and Sanderson, Mark and Sanner, Scott and Stein, Benno and Trippas, Johanne R. and Verspoor, Karin and Willemsen, Martijn C.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagMan.11.1.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-252722},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagMan.11.1.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Conversational Agents, Evaluation, Information Access}
}
Document
Extending EFX Allocations to Further Multi-Graph Classes

Authors: Umang Bhaskar and Yeshwant Pandit

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 360, 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)


Abstract
The existence of EFX allocations is one of the most significant open questions in fair division. Recent work by Christodoulou, Fiat, Koutsoupias, and Sgouritsa ("Fair allocation in graphs," EC 2023) establishes the existence of EFX allocations for graphical valuations, when agents are vertices in a graph, items are edges, and each item has zero value for all agents other than those at its endpoints. Thus, in this setting, each good has non-zero value for at most two agents, and there is at most one good valued by any pair of agents. This marks one of the few cases when an exact and complete EFX allocation is known to exist for more than three agents. In this work, we partially extend these results to multi-graphs, when each pair of vertices can have more than one edge between them. The existence of EFX allocations in multi-graphs is a natural open question given their existence in simple graphs. We show that EFX allocations exist, and can be computed in polynomial time, for agents with cancelable valuations in the following cases: (i) bipartite multi-graphs, (ii) multi-trees with monotone valuations, and (iii) multi-graphs with girth (2t-1), where t is the chromatic number of the multi-graph. The existence of EFX in cycle multi-graphs follows from (i), (iii), and the known existence of EFX for three agents.

Cite as

Umang Bhaskar and Yeshwant Pandit. Extending EFX Allocations to Further Multi-Graph Classes. In 45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 360, pp. 15:1-15:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{bhaskar_et_al:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.15,
  author =	{Bhaskar, Umang and Pandit, Yeshwant},
  title =	{{Extending EFX Allocations to Further Multi-Graph Classes}},
  booktitle =	{45th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2025)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-406-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{360},
  editor =	{Aiswarya, C. and Mehta, Ruta and Roy, Subhajit},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-250958},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Fair Division, EFX, Multi-graphs}
}
Document
Survey
Resilience in Knowledge Graph Embeddings

Authors: Arnab Sharma, N'Dah Jean Kouagou, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

Published in: TGDK, Volume 3, Issue 2 (2025). Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 3, Issue 2


Abstract
In recent years, knowledge graphs have gained interest and witnessed widespread applications in various domains, such as information retrieval, question-answering, recommendation systems, amongst others. Large-scale knowledge graphs to this end have demonstrated their utility in effectively representing structured knowledge. To further facilitate the application of machine learning techniques, knowledge graph embedding models have been developed. Such models can transform entities and relationships within knowledge graphs into vectors. However, these embedding models often face challenges related to noise, missing information, distribution shift, adversarial attacks, etc. This can lead to sub-optimal embeddings and incorrect inferences, thereby negatively impacting downstream applications. While the existing literature has focused so far on adversarial attacks on KGE models, the challenges related to the other critical aspects remain unexplored. In this paper, we, first of all, give a unified definition of resilience, encompassing several factors such as generalisation, in-distribution generalization, distribution adaption, and robustness. After formalizing these concepts for machine learning in general, we define them in the context of knowledge graphs. To find the gap in the existing works on resilience in the context of knowledge graphs, we perform a systematic survey, taking into account all these aspects mentioned previously. Our survey results show that most of the existing works focus on a specific aspect of resilience, namely robustness. After categorizing such works based on their respective aspects of resilience, we discuss the challenges and future research directions.

Cite as

Arnab Sharma, N'Dah Jean Kouagou, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. Resilience in Knowledge Graph Embeddings. In Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 1:1-1:38, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@Article{sharma_et_al:TGDK.3.2.1,
  author =	{Sharma, Arnab and Kouagou, N'Dah Jean and Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga},
  title =	{{Resilience in Knowledge Graph Embeddings}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{1:1--1:38},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{3},
  number =	{2},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.3.2.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-248117},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.3.2.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Knowledge graphs, Resilience, Robustness}
}
Document
Safe Sequences via Dominators in DAGs for Path-Covering Problems

Authors: Francisco Sena, Romeo Rizzi, and Alexandru I. Tomescu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 351, 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)


Abstract
A path-covering problem on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) requires finding a set of source-to-sink paths that cover all the nodes, all the arcs, or subsets thereof, and additionally they are optimal with respect to some function. In this paper we study safe sequences of nodes or arcs, namely sequences that appear in some path of every path cover of a DAG. We show that safe sequences admit a simple characterization via cutnodes. Moreover, we establish a connection between maximal safe sequences and leaf-to-root paths in the source- and sink-dominator trees of the DAG, which may be of independent interest in the extensive literature on dominators. With dominator trees, safe sequences admit an O(n)-size representation and a linear-time output-sensitive enumeration algorithm running in time O(m + o), where n and m are the number of nodes and arcs, respectively, and o is the total length of the maximal safe sequences. We then apply maximal safe sequences to simplify Integer Linear Programs (ILPs) for two path-covering problems, LeastSquares and MinPathError, which are at the core of RNA transcript assembly problems from bioinformatics. On various datasets, maximal safe sequences can be computed in under 0.1 seconds per graph, on average, and ILP solvers whose search space is reduced in this manner exhibit significant speed-ups. For example on graphs with a large width, average speed-ups are in the range 50-250× for MinPathError and in the range 80-350× for LeastSquares. Optimizing ILPs using safe sequences can thus become a fast building block of practical RNA transcript assembly tools, and more generally, of path-covering problems.

Cite as

Francisco Sena, Romeo Rizzi, and Alexandru I. Tomescu. Safe Sequences via Dominators in DAGs for Path-Covering Problems. In 33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 351, pp. 55:1-55:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{sena_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2025.55,
  author =	{Sena, Francisco and Rizzi, Romeo and Tomescu, Alexandru I.},
  title =	{{Safe Sequences via Dominators in DAGs for Path-Covering Problems}},
  booktitle =	{33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2025)},
  pages =	{55:1--55:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-395-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{351},
  editor =	{Benoit, Anne and Kaplan, Haim and Wild, Sebastian and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.55},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-245230},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.55},
  annote =	{Keywords: directed acyclic graph, path cover, dominator tree, integer linear programming, least squares, minimum path error}
}
Document
Navigating Exoplanetary Systems in Augmented Reality: Preliminary Insights on ExoAR

Authors: Bryson Lawton, Frank Maurer, and Daniel Zielasko

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 130, Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration (SpaceCHI 2025)


Abstract
With thousands of exoplanets now confirmed by space missions such as NASA’s Kepler and TESS, scientific interest and public curiosity about these distant worlds continue to grow. However, current visualization tools for exploring exoplanetary systems often lack sufficient scientific accuracy or interactive features, limiting their educational effectiveness and analytical utility. To help address this gap, we developed ExoAR, an augmented reality tool designed to offer immersive, scientifically sound visualizations of all known exoplanetary systems using data directly sourced from NASA’s Exoplanet Archive. By leveraging augmented reality’s strengths, ExoAR enables users to immerse themselves in interactive, dynamic 3D models of these planetary systems with data-driven representations of planets and their host stars. The application also allows users to adjust various visualization scales independently, a capability designed to aid comprehension of comparative astronomical properties such as orbital mechanics, planetary sizes, and stellar classifications. To begin assessing ExoAR’s potential as an educational and analytical tool and inform future iterations, a pilot user study was conducted. Its findings indicate that participants found ExoAR improved user engagement and spatial understanding compared to NASA’s Eyes on Exoplanets application, a non-immersive exoplanetary system visualization tool. This work-in-progress paper presents these early insights, acknowledges current system limitations, and outlines future directions for more rigorously evaluating and further improving ExoAR’s capabilities for both educational and scientific communities.

Cite as

Bryson Lawton, Frank Maurer, and Daniel Zielasko. Navigating Exoplanetary Systems in Augmented Reality: Preliminary Insights on ExoAR. In Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration (SpaceCHI 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 130, pp. 20:1-20:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{lawton_et_al:OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.20,
  author =	{Lawton, Bryson and Maurer, Frank and Zielasko, Daniel},
  title =	{{Navigating Exoplanetary Systems in Augmented Reality: Preliminary Insights on ExoAR}},
  booktitle =	{Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration (SpaceCHI 2025)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-384-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{130},
  editor =	{Bensch, Leonie and Nilsson, Tommy and Nisser, Martin and Pataranutaporn, Pat and Schmidt, Albrecht and Sumini, Valentina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-240106},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Immersive Analytics, Data Visualization, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Exoplanet, Augmented Reality, AR}
}
Document
Toward an Earth-Independent System for EVA Mission Planning: Integrating Physical Models, Domain Knowledge, and Agentic RAG to Provide Explainable LLM-Based Decision Support

Authors: Kaisheng Li and Richard S. Whittle

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 130, Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration (SpaceCHI 2025)


Abstract
We propose a unified framework for an Earth‑independent AI system that provides explainable, context‑aware decision support for EVA mission planning by integrating six core components: a fine‑tuned EVA domain LLM, a retrieval‑augmented knowledge base, a short-term memory store, physical simulation models, an agentic orchestration layer, and a multimodal user interface. To ground our design, we analyze the current roles and substitution potential of the Mission Control Center - identifying which procedural and analytical functions can be automated onboard while preserving human oversight for experiential and strategic tasks. Building on this framework, we introduce RASAGE (Retrieval & Simulation Augmented Guidance Agent for Exploration), a proof‑of‑concept toolset that combines Microsoft Phi‑4‑mini‑instruct with a FAISS (Facebook AI Similarity Search)‑powered EVA knowledge base and custom A* path planning and hypogravity metabolic models to generate grounded, traceable EVA plans. We outline a staged validation strategy to evaluate improvements in route efficiency, metabolic prediction accuracy, anomaly response effectiveness, and crew trust under realistic communication delays. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of replicating key Mission Control functions onboard, enhancing crew autonomy, reducing cognitive load, and improving safety for deep‑space exploration missions.

Cite as

Kaisheng Li and Richard S. Whittle. Toward an Earth-Independent System for EVA Mission Planning: Integrating Physical Models, Domain Knowledge, and Agentic RAG to Provide Explainable LLM-Based Decision Support. In Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration (SpaceCHI 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 130, pp. 6:1-6:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{li_et_al:OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.6,
  author =	{Li, Kaisheng and Whittle, Richard S.},
  title =	{{Toward an Earth-Independent System for EVA Mission Planning: Integrating Physical Models, Domain Knowledge, and Agentic RAG to Provide Explainable LLM-Based Decision Support}},
  booktitle =	{Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration (SpaceCHI 2025)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:17},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-384-3},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{130},
  editor =	{Bensch, Leonie and Nilsson, Tommy and Nisser, Martin and Pataranutaporn, Pat and Schmidt, Albrecht and Sumini, Valentina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239967},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SpaceCHI.2025.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Human-AI Interaction for Space Exploration, Extravehicular Activities, Cognitive load and Human Performance Issues, Human Systems Exploration, Lunar Exploration, LLM}
}
Document
In-Situ Visual Programming

Authors: Ulrich Brandstätter and Bernhard Schenkenfelder

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 134, Companion Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming (Programming 2025)


Abstract
Most Visual Programming Environments (VPEs) available today aim to make software development more accessible for specific domains, such as automation, business intelligence, data science, education, or real-time media processing. In their niches, VPEs offer several advantages over traditional text-based programming, including shorter training times, immediate visual feedback, and lower barriers to entry. With this work, we introduce In-Situ Visual Programming (ISVP), a novel programming paradigm to enable users to create, modify, and contribute to software via visual programming in physical contexts. User-created and pre-built programs can be attached to and interlinked with physical objects - in an Augmented Reality (AR) environment. We believe that the spatial and contextual proximity of processing code and physical objects will make software development more intuitive, and we argue this position based on two model use cases.

Cite as

Ulrich Brandstätter and Bernhard Schenkenfelder. In-Situ Visual Programming. In Companion Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming (Programming 2025). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 134, pp. 7:1-7:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{brandstatter_et_al:OASIcs.Programming.2025.7,
  author =	{Brandst\"{a}tter, Ulrich and Schenkenfelder, Bernhard},
  title =	{{In-Situ Visual Programming}},
  booktitle =	{Companion Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming (Programming 2025)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-382-9},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{134},
  editor =	{Edwards, Jonathan and Perera, Roly and Petricek, Tomas},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Programming.2025.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-242916},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Programming.2025.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Visual programming, End-user programming, Programming paradigm}
}
Document
RANDOM
Consumable Data via Quantum Communication

Authors: Dar Gilboa, Siddhartha Jain, and Jarrod R. McClean

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
Classical data can be copied and re-used for computation, with adverse consequences economically and in terms of data privacy. Motivated by this, we formulate problems in one-way communication complexity where Alice holds some data x and Bob holds m inputs y_1, …, y_m. They want to compute m instances of a bipartite relation R(⋅,⋅) on every pair (x, y_1), …, (x, y_m). We call this the asymmetric direct sum question for one-way communication. We give examples where the quantum communication complexity of such problems scales polynomially with m, while the classical communication complexity depends at most logarithmically on m. Thus, for such problems, data behaves like a consumable resource that is effectively destroyed upon use when the owner stores and transmits it as quantum states, but not when transmitted classically. We show an application to a strategic data-selling game, and discuss other potential economic implications.

Cite as

Dar Gilboa, Siddhartha Jain, and Jarrod R. McClean. Consumable Data via Quantum Communication. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 39:1-39:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{gilboa_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.39,
  author =	{Gilboa, Dar and Jain, Siddhartha and McClean, Jarrod R.},
  title =	{{Consumable Data via Quantum Communication}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{39:1--39:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.39},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244059},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.39},
  annote =	{Keywords: quantum communication, one-time programs, data markets}
}
Document
RANDOM
Avoiding Range via Turan-Type Bounds

Authors: Neha Kuntewar and Jayalal Sarma

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 353, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)


Abstract
Given a circuit C : {0,1}^n → {0,1}^m from a circuit class 𝒞, with m > n, finding a y ∈ {0,1}^m such that ∀ x ∈ {0,1}ⁿ, C(x) ≠ y, is the range avoidance problem (denoted by C-Avoid). Deterministic polynomial time algorithms (even with access to NP oracles) solving this problem are known to imply explicit constructions of various pseudorandom objects like hard Boolean functions, linear codes, PRGs etc. Deterministic polynomial time algorithms are known for NC⁰₂-Avoid when m > n, and for NC⁰₃-Avoid when m ≥ n²/log n, where NC⁰_k is the class of circuits with bounded fan-in which have constant depth and the output depends on at most k of the input bits. On the other hand, it is also known that NC⁰₃-Avoid when m = n+O(n^{2/3}) is at least as hard as explicit construction of rigid matrices. In fact, algorithms for solving range avoidance for even NC⁰₄ circuits imply new circuit lower bounds. In this paper, we propose a new approach to solving the range avoidance problem via hypergraphs. We formulate the problem in terms of Turan-type problems in hypergraphs of the following kind: for a fixed k-uniform hypergraph H, what is the maximum number of edges that can exist in H_C, which does not have a sub-hypergraph isomorphic to H? We show the following: - We first demonstrate the applicability of this approach by showing alternate proofs of some of the known results for the range avoidance problem using this framework. - We then use our approach to show (using several different hypergraph structures for which Turan-type bounds are known in the literature) that there is a constant c such that Monotone-NC⁰₃-Avoid can be solved in deterministic polynomial time when m > cn². - To improve the stretch constraint to linear, more precisely, to m > n, we show a new Turan-type theorem for a hypergraph structure (which we call the loose X_{2ℓ}-cycles). More specifically, we prove that any connected 3-uniform linear hypergraph with m > n edges must contain a loose X_{2ℓ} cycle. This may be of independent interest. - Using this, we show that Monotone-NC⁰₃-Avoid can be solved in deterministic polynomial time when m > n, thus improving the known bounds of NC⁰₃-Avoid for the case of monotone circuits. In contrast, we note that efficient algorithms for solving Monotone-NC⁰₆-Avoid, already imply explicit constructions for rigid matrices. - We also generalise our argument to solve the special case of range avoidance for NC⁰_k where each output function computed by the circuit is the majority function on its inputs, where m > n².

Cite as

Neha Kuntewar and Jayalal Sarma. Avoiding Range via Turan-Type Bounds. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 353, pp. 62:1-62:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{kuntewar_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.62,
  author =	{Kuntewar, Neha and Sarma, Jayalal},
  title =	{{Avoiding Range via Turan-Type Bounds}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2025)},
  pages =	{62:1--62:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-397-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{353},
  editor =	{Ene, Alina and Chattopadhyay, Eshan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.62},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-244281},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2025.62},
  annote =	{Keywords: circuit lower bounds, explicit constructions, range avoidance, linear hypergraphs, Tur\'{a}n number of hypergraphs}
}
Document
An Efficient Data Structure and Algorithm for Long-Match Query in Run-Length Compressed BWT

Authors: Ahsan Sanaullah, Degui Zhi, and Shaojie Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 344, 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)


Abstract
String matching problems in bioinformatics are typically for finding exact substring matches between a query and a reference text. Previous formulations often focus on maximum exact matches (MEMs). However, multiple occurrences of substrings of the query in the text that are long enough but not maximal may not be captured by MEMs. Such long matches can be informative, especially when the text is a collection of similar sequences such as genomes. In this paper, we describe a new type of match between a pattern and a text that aren't necessarily maximal in the query, but still contain useful matching information: locally maximal exact matches (LEMs). There are usually a large amount of LEMs, so we only consider those above some length threshold ℒ. These are referred to as long LEMs. The purpose of long LEMs is to capture substring matches between a query and a text that are not necessarily maximal in the pattern but still long enough to be important. Therefore efficient long LEMs finding algorithms are desired for these datasets. However, these datasets are too large to query on traditional string indexes. Fortunately, these datasets are very repetitive. Recently, compressed string indexes that take advantage of the redundancy in the data but retain efficient querying capability have been proposed as a solution. We therefore give an efficient algorithm for computing all the long LEMs of a query and a text in a BWT runs compressed string index. We describe an O(m+occ) expected time algorithm that relies on an O(r) words space string index for outputting all long LEMs of a pattern with respect to a text given the matching statistics of the pattern with respect to the text. Here m is the length of the query, occ is the number of long LEMs outputted, and r is the number of runs in the BWT of the text. The O(r) space string index we describe relies on an adaptation of the move data structure by Nishimoto and Tabei. We are able to support LCP[i] queries in constant time given SA[i]. In other words, we answer PLCP[i] queries in constant time. These PLCP queries enable the efficient long LEM query. Long LEMs may provide useful similarity information between a pattern and a text that MEMs may ignore. This information is particularly useful in pangenome and biobank scale haplotype panel contexts.

Cite as

Ahsan Sanaullah, Degui Zhi, and Shaojie Zhang. An Efficient Data Structure and Algorithm for Long-Match Query in Run-Length Compressed BWT. In 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 344, pp. 17:1-17:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{sanaullah_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2025.17,
  author =	{Sanaullah, Ahsan and Zhi, Degui and Zhang, Shaojie},
  title =	{{An Efficient Data Structure and Algorithm for Long-Match Query in Run-Length Compressed BWT}},
  booktitle =	{25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-386-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{344},
  editor =	{Brejov\'{a}, Bro\v{n}a and Patro, Rob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239433},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: BWT, LEM, Long LEM, MEM, Run Length Compressed BWT, Move Data Structure, Pangenome}
}
Document
A k-mer-Based Estimator of the Substitution Rate Between Repetitive Sequences

Authors: Haonan Wu, Antonio Blanca, and Paul Medvedev

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 344, 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)


Abstract
K-mer-based analysis of genomic data is ubiquitous, but the presence of repetitive k-mers continues to pose problems for the accuracy of many methods. For example, the Mash tool (Ondov et al. 2016) can accurately estimate the substitution rate between two low-repetitive sequences from their k-mer sketches; however, it is inaccurate on repetitive sequences such as the centromere of a human chromosome. Follow-up work by Blanca et al. (2021) has attempted to model how mutations affect k-mer sets based on strong assumptions that the sequence is non-repetitive and that mutations do not create spurious k-mer matches. However, the theoretical foundations for extending an estimator like Mash to work in the presence of repeat sequences have been lacking. In this work, we relax the non-repetitive assumption and propose a novel estimator for the mutation rate. We derive theoretical bounds on our estimator’s bias. Our experiments show that it remains accurate for repetitive genomic sequences, such as the alpha satellite higher order repeats in centromeres. We demonstrate our estimator’s robustness across diverse datasets and various ranges of the substitution rate and k-mer size. Finally, we show how sketching can be used to avoid dealing with large k-mer sets while retaining accuracy. Our software is available at https://github.com/medvedevgroup/Repeat-Aware_Substitution_Rate_Estimator.

Cite as

Haonan Wu, Antonio Blanca, and Paul Medvedev. A k-mer-Based Estimator of the Substitution Rate Between Repetitive Sequences. In 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 344, pp. 20:1-20:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{wu_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2025.20,
  author =	{Wu, Haonan and Blanca, Antonio and Medvedev, Paul},
  title =	{{A k-mer-Based Estimator of the Substitution Rate Between Repetitive Sequences}},
  booktitle =	{25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-386-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{344},
  editor =	{Brejov\'{a}, Bro\v{n}a and Patro, Rob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239465},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: k-mers, sketching, mutation rates}
}
Document
Mutational Signature Refitting on Sparse Pan-Cancer Data

Authors: Gal Gilad, Teresa M. Przytycka, and Roded Sharan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 344, 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)


Abstract
Mutational processes shape cancer genomes, leaving characteristic marks that are termed signatures. The level of activity of each such process, or its signature exposure, provides important information on the disease, improving patient stratification and the prediction of drug response. Thus, there is growing interest in developing refitting methods that decipher those exposures. Previous work in this domain was unsupervised in nature, employing algebraic decomposition and probabilistic inference methods. Here we provide a supervised approach to the problem of signature refitting and show its superiority over current methods. Our method, SuRe, leverages a neural network model to capture correlations between signature exposures in real data. We show that SuRe outperforms previous methods on sparse mutation data from tumor type specific data sets, as well as pan-cancer data sets, with an increasing advantage as the data become sparser. We further demonstrate its utility in clinical settings.

Cite as

Gal Gilad, Teresa M. Przytycka, and Roded Sharan. Mutational Signature Refitting on Sparse Pan-Cancer Data. In 25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 344, pp. 11:1-11:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{gilad_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2025.11,
  author =	{Gilad, Gal and Przytycka, Teresa M. and Sharan, Roded},
  title =	{{Mutational Signature Refitting on Sparse Pan-Cancer Data}},
  booktitle =	{25th International Conference on Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI 2025)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-386-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{344},
  editor =	{Brejov\'{a}, Bro\v{n}a and Patro, Rob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239374},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2025.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: mutational signatures, signature refitting, cancer genomics, genomic data analysis, somatic mutations}
}
Document
Research
Faster Run-Length Compressed Suffix Arrays

Authors: Nathaniel K. Brown, Travis Gagie, Giovanni Manzini, Gonzalo Navarro, and Marinella Sciortino

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 132, From Strings to Graphs, and Back Again: A Festschrift for Roberto Grossi's 60th Birthday (2025)


Abstract
We first review how we can store a run-length compressed suffix array (RLCSA) for a text T of length n over an alphabet of size σ whose Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) consists of r runs in O (r log (n / r) + r log σ + σ) bits such that later, given character a and the suffix-array (SA) interval for P, we can find the SA interval for a P in O (log r_a + log log n) time, where r_a is the number of runs of copies of a in the BWT. We then show how to modify the RLCSA such that we find the SA interval for a P in only O (log r_a) time, without increasing its asymptotic space bound. Our key idea is applying a result by Nishimoto and Tabei (ICALP 2021) and then replacing rank queries on sparse bitvectors by a constant number of select queries. We also review two-level indexing and discuss how our faster RLCSA may be useful in improving it. Finally, we briefly discuss how two-level indexing may speed up a recent heuristic for finding maximal exact matches of a pattern with respect to an indexed text.

Cite as

Nathaniel K. Brown, Travis Gagie, Giovanni Manzini, Gonzalo Navarro, and Marinella Sciortino. Faster Run-Length Compressed Suffix Arrays. In From Strings to Graphs, and Back Again: A Festschrift for Roberto Grossi's 60th Birthday. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 132, pp. 10:1-10:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{brown_et_al:OASIcs.Grossi.10,
  author =	{Brown, Nathaniel K. and Gagie, Travis and Manzini, Giovanni and Navarro, Gonzalo and Sciortino, Marinella},
  title =	{{Faster Run-Length Compressed Suffix Arrays}},
  booktitle =	{From Strings to Graphs, and Back Again: A Festschrift for Roberto Grossi's 60th Birthday},
  pages =	{10:1--10:15},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-391-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Conte, Alessio and Marino, Andrea and Rosone, Giovanna and Vitter, Jeffrey Scott},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.Grossi.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-238095},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.Grossi.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Run-length compressed suffix arrays, interpolative coding, two-level indexing}
}
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