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Co-Degeneracy and Co-Treewidth: Using the Complement to Solve Dense Instances

Authors Gabriel L. Duarte, Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira , Uéverton S. Souza

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Author Details

Gabriel L. Duarte
  • Institute of Computing, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira
  • Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Norway
Uéverton S. Souza
  • Institute of Computing, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil

Funding

  • de Oliveira Oliveira, Mateus: Bergen Research Foundation, and by the Research Council of Norway (Grant Number: 288761).
  • Souza, Uéverton S.: Grant E-26/203.272/2017 - Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation (FAPERJ), and Grant 309832/2020-9 - National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).

Cite AsGet BibTex

Gabriel L. Duarte, Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira, and Uéverton S. Souza. Co-Degeneracy and Co-Treewidth: Using the Complement to Solve Dense Instances. In 46th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 202, pp. 42:1-42:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2021.42

Abstract

Clique-width and treewidth are two of the most important and useful graph parameters, and several problems can be solved efficiently when restricted to graphs of bounded clique-width or treewidth. Bounded treewidth implies bounded clique-width, but not vice versa. Problems like Longest Cycle, Longest Path, MaxCut, Edge Dominating Set, and Graph Coloring are fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the treewidth, but they cannot be solved in FPT time when parameterized by the clique-width unless FPT = W[1], as shown by Fomin, Golovach, Lokshtanov, and Saurabh [SIAM J. Comput. 2010, SIAM J. Comput. 2014]. For a given problem that is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by treewidth, but intractable when parameterized by clique-width, there may exist infinite families of instances of bounded clique-width and unbounded treewidth where the problem can be solved efficiently. In this work, we initiate a systematic study of the parameters co-treewidth (the treewidth of the complement of the input graph) and co-degeneracy (the degeneracy of the complement of the input graph). We show that Longest Cycle, Longest Path, and Edge Dominating Set are FPT when parameterized by co-degeneracy. On the other hand, Graph Coloring is para-NP-complete when parameterized by co-degeneracy but FPT when parameterized by the co-treewidth. Concerning MaxCut, we give an FPT algorithm parameterized by co-treewidth, while we leave open the complexity of the problem parameterized by co-degeneracy. Additionally, we show that Precoloring Extension is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by co-treewidth, while this problem is known to be W[1]-hard when parameterized by treewidth. These results give evidence that co-treewidth is a useful width parameter for handling dense instances of problems for which an FPT algorithm for clique-width is unlikely to exist. Finally, we develop an algorithmic framework for co-degeneracy based on the notion of Bondy-Chvátal closure.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Design and analysis of algorithms
  • Theory of computation → Graph algorithms analysis
  • Theory of computation → Parameterized complexity and exact algorithms
Keywords
  • FPT
  • treewidth
  • degeneracy
  • complement graph
  • Bondy-Chvátal closure

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