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On the Multilinear Complexity of Associative Algebras

Authors Markus Bläser, Hendrik Mayer, Devansh Shringi

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Author Details

Markus Bläser
  • Universität des Saarlandes, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
Hendrik Mayer
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Devansh Shringi
  • University of Toronto, Canada

Acknowledgements

Hendrik Mayer would like to thank the MIT MISTI-Germany program for funding his internship.

Cite AsGet BibTex

Markus Bläser, Hendrik Mayer, and Devansh Shringi. On the Multilinear Complexity of Associative Algebras. In 40th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 254, pp. 12:1-12:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2023.12

Abstract

Christandl and Zuiddam [Matthias Christandl and Jeroen Zuiddam, 2019] study the multilinear complexity of d-fold matrix multiplication in the context of quantum communication complexity. Bshouty [Nader H. Bshouty, 2013] investigates the multilinear complexity of d-fold multiplication in commutative algebras to understand the size of so-called testers. The study of bilinear complexity is a classical topic in algebraic complexity theory, starting with the work by Strassen. However, there has been no systematic study of the multilinear complexity of multilinear maps. In the present work, we systematically investigate the multilinear complexity of d-fold multiplication in arbitrary associative algebras. We prove a multilinear generalization of the famous Alder-Strassen theorem, which is a lower bound for the bilinear complexity of the (2-fold) multiplication in an associative algebra. We show that the multilinear complexity of the d-fold multiplication has a lower bound of d ⋅ dim A - (d-1)t, where t is the number of maximal twosided ideals in A. This is optimal in the sense that there are algebras for which this lower bound is tight. Furthermore, we prove the following dichotomy that the quotient algebra A/rad A determines the complexity of the d-fold multiplication in A: When the semisimple algebra A/rad A is commutative, then the multilinear complexity of the d-fold multiplication in A is polynomial in d. On the other hand, when A/rad A is noncommutative, then the multilinear complexity of the d-fold multiplication in A is exponential in d.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Algebraic complexity theory
  • Mathematics of computing
Keywords
  • Multilinear computations
  • associative algebras
  • matrix multiplication
  • Alder-Strassen theorem

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