Relaxed Byzantine Vector Consensus

Abstract

Byzantine vector consensus requires that non-faulty processes reach agreement on adecision (or output) that is in the convex hull of the inputs at the non-faulty processes. Recent work has shown that, for n processes with up to f Byzantine failures, when the inputs are d-dimensional vectors of reals, n >= max (3f + 1, (d + 1)f + 1) is the tight bound for synchronous systems, and n >= (d + 2)f + 1 is tight for approximate consensus in asynchronous systems.

Due to the dependence of the lower bound on vector dimension d, the number of processes necessary becomes large when the vector dimension is large. With the hope of reducing the lower bound on n, we propose relaxed versions of Byzantine vector consensus: k-relaxed Byzantine vector consensus and (delta, p)-relaxed Byzantine vector consensus. k-relaxed consensus only requires consensus for projections of inputs on every subset of k dimensions. (delta, p)-relaxed consensus requires that the output be within distance d of the convex hull of the non-faulty inputs, where distance is defined using the L_{p}-norm. An input-dependent delta allows the distance from the non-faulty convex hull to be dependent on the maximum distance between the non-faulty inputs.

We show that for k-relaxed consensus with k > 1, and for (delta, p)-relaxed consensus with constant delta >= 0, the bound on n is identical to the bound stated above for the original vector consensus problem. On the other hand, when k = 1 or d depends on the inputs, we show that the bound on n is smaller when d >= 3. Input-dependent delta may be of interest in practice. In essence, input-dependent delta scales with the spread of the inputs.