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Model Checking Omega-regular Properties for Quantum Markov Chains

Authors Yuan Feng, Ernst Moritz Hahn, Andrea Turrini, Shenggang Ying

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Yuan Feng
Ernst Moritz Hahn
Andrea Turrini
Shenggang Ying

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Yuan Feng, Ernst Moritz Hahn, Andrea Turrini, and Shenggang Ying. Model Checking Omega-regular Properties for Quantum Markov Chains. In 28th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 85, pp. 35:1-35:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2017.35

Abstract

Quantum Markov chains are an extension of classical Markov chains which are labelled with super-operators rather than probabilities. They allow to faithfully represent quantum programs and quantum protocols. In this paper, we investigate model checking omega-regular properties, a very general class of properties (including, e.g., LTL properties) of interest, against this model.

For classical Markov chains, such properties are usually checked by building the product of the model with a language automaton. Subsequent analysis is then performed on this product. When doing so, one takes into account its graph structure, and for instance performs different analyses per bottom strongly connected component (BSCC). Unfortunately, for quantum Markov chains such an approach does not work directly, because super-operators behave differently from probabilities. To overcome this problem, we transform the product quantum Markov chain into a single super-operator, which induces a decomposition of the state space (the tensor product of classical state space and the quantum one) into a family of BSCC subspaces. Interestingly, we show that this BSCC decomposition provides a solution to the issue of model checking omega-regular properties for quantum Markov chains.

Subject Classification

Keywords
  • Quantum Markov chains
  • model checking
  • omega-regular properties
  • bottom strongly connected component

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