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Optimal Separation and Strong Direct Sum for Randomized Query Complexity

Authors Eric Blais, Joshua Brody

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ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Probabilistic computation
  • Theory of computation → Oracles and decision trees
Keywords
  • Decision trees
  • query complexity
  • communication complexity

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Abstract

We establish two results regarding the query complexity of bounded-error randomized algorithms. 

Bounded-error separation theorem. There exists a total function f : {0,1}^n -> {0,1} whose epsilon-error randomized query complexity satisfies overline{R}_epsilon(f) = Omega(R(f) * log 1/epsilon). 

Strong direct sum theorem. For every function f and every k >= 2, the randomized query complexity of computing k instances of f simultaneously satisfies overline{R}_epsilon(f^k) = Theta(k * overline{R}_{epsilon/k}(f)). 

As a consequence of our two main results, we obtain an optimal superlinear direct-sum-type theorem for randomized query complexity: there exists a function f for which R(f^k) = Theta(k log k * R(f)). This answers an open question of Drucker (2012). Combining this result with the query-to-communication complexity lifting theorem of Göös, Pitassi, and Watson (2017), this also shows that there is a total function whose public-coin randomized communication complexity satisfies R^{cc}(f^k) = Theta(k log k * R^{cc}(f)), answering a question of Feder, Kushilevitz, Naor, and Nisan (1995).

Cite As Get BibTex

Eric Blais and Joshua Brody. Optimal Separation and Strong Direct Sum for Randomized Query Complexity. In 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 137, pp. 29:1-29:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.29

Author Details

Eric Blais
  • University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
Joshua Brody
  • Swarthmore College, PA, USA

Acknowledgements

The first author thanks Alexander Belov and Shalev Ben-David for enlightening discussions and helpful suggestions. The second author thanks Peter Winkler for insightful discussions. Both authors wish to thank the anonymous referees for valuable feedback and for the reference to [Sherstov, 2018].

References

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