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Bao: A Lightweight Static Partitioning Hypervisor for Modern Multi-Core Embedded Systems

Authors José Martins, Adriano Tavares , Marco Solieri, Marko Bertogna, Sandro Pinto

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Author Details

José Martins
  • Centro Algoritmi, Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Adriano Tavares
  • Centro Algoritmi, Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Marco Solieri
  • Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy
Marko Bertogna
  • Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy
Sandro Pinto
  • Centro Algoritmi, Universidade do Minho, Portugal

Funding

This work is supported by European Structural and Investment Funds in the FEDER component, through the Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (COMPETE 2020) [Project nº 037902; Funding Reference: POCI-01-0247-FEDER-037902].
  • Martins, José: Supported by FCT grant SFRH/BD/138660/2018.

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José Martins, Adriano Tavares, Marco Solieri, Marko Bertogna, and Sandro Pinto. Bao: A Lightweight Static Partitioning Hypervisor for Modern Multi-Core Embedded Systems. In Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2020). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 77, pp. 3:1-3:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020) https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2020.3

Abstract

Given the increasingly complex and mixed-criticality nature of modern embedded systems, virtualization emerges as a natural solution to achieve strong spatial and temporal isolation. Widely used hypervisors such as KVM and Xen were not designed having embedded constraints and requirements in mind. The static partitioning architecture pioneered by Jailhouse seems to address embedded concerns. However, Jailhouse still depends on Linux to boot and manage its VMs. In this paper, we present the Bao hypervisor, a minimal, standalone and clean-slate implementation of the static partitioning architecture for Armv8 and RISC-V platforms. Preliminary results regarding size, boot, performance, and interrupt latency, show this approach incurs only minimal virtualization overhead. Bao will soon be publicly available, in hopes of engaging both industry and academia on improving Bao’s safety, security, and real-time guarantees.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Security and privacy → Virtualization and security
  • Software and its engineering → Real-time systems software
Keywords
  • Virtualization
  • hypervisor
  • static partitioning
  • safety
  • security
  • real-time
  • embedded systems
  • Arm
  • RISC-V

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