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A Tight (3/2+ε) Approximation for Skewed Strip Packing

Authors Waldo Gálvez , Fabrizio Grandoni , Afrouz Jabal Ameli , Klaus Jansen , Arindam Khan , Malin Rau

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Author Details

Waldo Gálvez
  • Technical University of Munich, Germany
Fabrizio Grandoni
  • IDSIA, USI-SUPSI, Manno, Switzerland
Afrouz Jabal Ameli
  • IDSIA, USI-SUPSI, Manno, Switzerland
Klaus Jansen
  • University of Kiel, Germany
Arindam Khan
  • Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Malin Rau
  • Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP*, LIG, Grenoble, France

Funding

  • Grandoni, Fabrizio: Partially supported by the SNSF Excellence Grant 200020B_182865/1.
  • Ameli, Afrouz Jabal: Partially supported by the SNSF Excellence Grant 200020B_182865/1.
  • Rau, Malin: Partially supported by the French research program ENERGUMEN ANR-18-CE25-0008.

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Waldo Gálvez, Fabrizio Grandoni, Afrouz Jabal Ameli, Klaus Jansen, Arindam Khan, and Malin Rau. A Tight (3/2+ε) Approximation for Skewed Strip Packing. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 176, pp. 44:1-44:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.44

Abstract

In the Strip Packing problem, we are given a vertical half-strip [0,W]× [0,+∞) and a collection of open rectangles of width at most W. Our goal is to find an axis-aligned (non-overlapping) packing of such rectangles into the strip such that the maximum height OPT spanned by the packing is as small as possible. Strip Packing generalizes classical well-studied problems such as Makespan Minimization on identical machines (when rectangle widths are identical) and Bin Packing (when rectangle heights are identical). It has applications in manufacturing, scheduling and energy consumption in smart grids among others. It is NP-hard to approximate this problem within a factor (3/2-ε) for any constant ε > 0 by a simple reduction from the Partition problem. The current best approximation factor for Strip Packing is (5/3+ε) by Harren et al. [Computational Geometry '14], and it is achieved with a fairly complex algorithm and analysis. It seems plausible that Strip Packing admits a (3/2+ε)-approximation. We make progress in that direction by achieving such tight approximation guarantees for a special family of instances, which we call skewed instances. As standard in the area, for a given constant parameter δ > 0, we call large the rectangles with width at least δ W and height at least δ OPT, and skewed the remaining rectangles. If all the rectangles in the input are large, then one can easily compute the optimal packing in polynomial time (since the input can contain only a constant number of rectangles). We consider the complementary case where all the rectangles are skewed. This second case retains a large part of the complexity of the original problem; in particular, it is NP-hard to approximate within a factor (3/2-ε) and we provide an (almost) tight (3/2+ε)-approximation algorithm.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Packing and covering problems
Keywords
  • strip packing
  • approximation algorithm

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