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EDF Scheduling and Minimal-Overlap Shortest-Path Routing for Real-Time TSCH Networks

Authors Miguel Gutiérrez Gaitán , Luís Almeida , Pedro Miguel Santos , Patrick Meumeu Yomsi

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Miguel Gutiérrez Gaitán
  • CISTER – Research Centre in Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems, Porto, Portugal
  • Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
  • Institute of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
  • Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Luís Almeida
  • CISTER – Research Centre in Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems, Porto, Portugal
  • Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
Pedro Miguel Santos
  • CISTER – Research Centre in Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems, Porto, Portugal
  • Institute of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
Patrick Meumeu Yomsi
  • CISTER – Research Centre in Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems, Porto, Portugal
  • Institute of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal

Funding

This work was partially supported by the project Safe Cities - Inovação para Construir Cidades Seguras, ref. POCI-01-0247-FEDER-041435, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE 2020); also by National Funds through FCT/MCTES (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology), within the CISTER Research Unit (UIDB/04234/2020).

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Miguel Gutiérrez Gaitán, Luís Almeida, Pedro Miguel Santos, and Patrick Meumeu Yomsi. EDF Scheduling and Minimal-Overlap Shortest-Path Routing for Real-Time TSCH Networks. In Second Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2021). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 87, pp. 2:1-2:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021) https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2021.2

Abstract

With the scope of Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), wireless technologies have gained momentum in the industrial realm. Wireless standards such as WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, IEEE 802.15.4e and 6TiSCH are among the most popular, given their suitability to support real-time data traffic in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN). Theoretical and empirical studies have covered prioritized packet scheduling in extenso, but only little has been done concerning methods that enhance and/or guarantee real-time performance based on routing decisions. In this work, we propose a greedy heuristic to reduce overlap in shortest-path routing for WSANs with packet transmissions scheduled under the earliest-deadline-first (EDF) policy. We evaluated our approach under varying network configurations and observed remarkable dominance in terms of the number of overlaps, transmission conflicts, and schedulability, regardless of the network workload and connectivity. We further observe that well-known graph network parameters, e.g., vertex degree, density, betweenness centrality, etc., have a special influence on the path overlaps, and thus provide useful insights to improve the real-time performance of the network.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Computer systems organization → Real-time systems
  • Networks → Network algorithms
  • Networks → Data path algorithms
Keywords
  • Real-time communication
  • Routing
  • Scheduling
  • TDMA
  • Wireless networks

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