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Constructing Strings Avoiding Forbidden Substrings

Authors Giulia Bernardini , Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, Solon P. Pissis , Leen Stougie, Michelle Sweering

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Author Details

Giulia Bernardini
  • CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela
  • Dept. of Computer, Automatic and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
  • ERABLE Team, Lyon, France
Solon P. Pissis
  • CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • ERABLE Team, Lyon, France
Leen Stougie
  • CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • ERABLE Team, Lyon, France
Michelle Sweering
  • CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Funding

  • Bernardini, Giulia: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) under project OCENW.GROOT.2019.015 "Optimization for and with Machine Learning (OPTIMAL)"
  • Stougie, Leen: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) through Gravitation-grant NETWORKS-024.002.003
  • Sweering, Michelle: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) through Gravitation-grant NETWORKS-024.002.003

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Gabriele Fici (Università di Palermo) for bringing to our attention the work of Crochemore, Mignosi and Restivo [Maxime Crochemore et al., 1998].

Cite AsGet BibTex

Giulia Bernardini, Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, Solon P. Pissis, Leen Stougie, and Michelle Sweering. Constructing Strings Avoiding Forbidden Substrings. In 32nd Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 191, pp. 9:1-9:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2021.9

Abstract

We consider the problem of constructing strings over an alphabet Σ that start with a given prefix u, end with a given suffix v, and avoid occurrences of a given set of forbidden substrings. In the decision version of the problem, given a set S_k of forbidden substrings, each of length k, over Σ, we are asked to decide whether there exists a string x over Σ such that u is a prefix of x, v is a suffix of x, and no s ∈ S_k occurs in x. Our first result is an 𝒪(|u|+|v|+k|S_k|)-time algorithm to decide this problem. In the more general optimization version of the problem, given a set S of forbidden arbitrary-length substrings over Σ, we are asked to construct a shortest string x over Σ such that u is a prefix of x, v is a suffix of x, and no s ∈ S occurs in x. Our second result is an 𝒪(|u|+|v|+||S||⋅|Σ|)-time algorithm to solve this problem, where ||S|| denotes the total length of the elements of S. Interestingly, our results can be directly applied to solve the reachability and shortest path problems in complete de Bruijn graphs in the presence of forbidden edges or of forbidden paths. Our algorithms are motivated by data privacy, and in particular, by the data sanitization process. In the context of strings, sanitization consists in hiding forbidden substrings from a given string by introducing the least amount of spurious information. We consider the following problem. Given a string w of length n over Σ, an integer k, and a set S_k of forbidden substrings, each of length k, over Σ, construct a shortest string y over Σ such that no s ∈ S_k occurs in y and the sequence of all other length-k fragments occurring in w is a subsequence of the sequence of the length-k fragments occurring in y. Our third result is an 𝒪(nk|S_k|⋅|Σ|)-time algorithm to solve this problem.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Pattern matching
Keywords
  • string algorithms
  • forbidden strings
  • de Bruijn graphs
  • data sanitization

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