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Multiple Random Walks on Graphs: Mixing Few to Cover Many

Authors Nicolás Rivera , Thomas Sauerwald , John Sylvester

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Author Details

Nicolás Rivera
  • Department of Computer Science & Technology, University of Cambridge, UK
  • Instituto de Ingeniería Matemática, University of Valparaíso, Chile
Thomas Sauerwald
  • Department of Computer Science & Technology, University of Cambridge, UK
John Sylvester
  • Department of Computer Science & Technology, University of Cambridge, UK
  • School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, UK

Funding

N.R., T.S. & J.S. were supported by ERC Starting Grant no. 679660 (DYNAMIC MARCH). N.R. was supported by FONDECYT grant number 3210805. J.S. was partially supported by ESPRC grant number EP/T004878/1.

Acknowledgements

We thank Jonathan Hermon for some interesting and useful discussions, and Przemysław Gordinowicz for his feedback on an earlier version of this paper.

Cite As Get BibTex

Nicolás Rivera, Thomas Sauerwald, and John Sylvester. Multiple Random Walks on Graphs: Mixing Few to Cover Many. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 198, pp. 107:1-107:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.107

Abstract

Random walks on graphs are an essential primitive for many randomised algorithms and stochastic processes. It is natural to ask how much can be gained by running k multiple random walks independently and in parallel. Although the cover time of multiple walks has been investigated for many natural networks, the problem of finding a general characterisation of multiple cover times for worst-case start vertices (posed by Alon, Avin, Koucký, Kozma, Lotker, and Tuttle in 2008) remains an open problem.
First, we improve and tighten various bounds on the stationary cover time when k random walks start from vertices sampled from the stationary distribution. For example, we prove an unconditional lower bound of Ω((n/k) log n) on the stationary cover time, holding for any n-vertex graph G and any 1 ≤ k = o(nlog n). Secondly, we establish the stationary cover times of multiple walks on several fundamental networks up to constant factors. Thirdly, we present a framework characterising worst-case cover times in terms of stationary cover times and a novel, relaxed notion of mixing time for multiple walks called the partial mixing time. Roughly speaking, the partial mixing time only requires a specific portion of all random walks to be mixed. Using these new concepts, we can establish (or recover) the worst-case cover times for many networks including expanders, preferential attachment graphs, grids, binary trees and hypercubes.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Random walks and Markov chains
  • Mathematics of computing → Stochastic processes
Keywords
  • Multiple Random walks
  • Markov Chains
  • Random Walks
  • Cover Time

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