Industrial Challenge 2022: A High-Performance Real-Time Case Study on Arm

Authors Matteo Andreozzi, Giacomo Gabrielli , Balaji Venu, Giacomo Travaglini



PDF
Thumbnail PDF

File

LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.1.pdf
  • Filesize: 1.49 MB
  • 15 pages

Document Identifiers

Author Details

Matteo Andreozzi
  • Arm, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Giacomo Gabrielli
  • Arm, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Balaji Venu
  • Arm, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Giacomo Travaglini
  • Arm, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Jay Cha (Arm) for his contribution to the definition of the case study, and Sophie Quinton (Inria), Martina Maggio (Saarland University) and Marko Bertogna (University of Modena) for their insightful comments and suggestions.

Cite As Get BibTex

Matteo Andreozzi, Giacomo Gabrielli, Balaji Venu, and Giacomo Travaglini. Industrial Challenge 2022: A High-Performance Real-Time Case Study on Arm. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 1:1-1:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.1

Abstract

High-performance real-time systems are becoming increasingly common in several application domains, including automotive, robotics, and embedded. To meet the growing performance requirements of the emerging applications, these systems often adopt a heterogeneous System-on-Chip hardware architecture comprising multiple high-performance CPUs and one or more domain-specific accelerators. At the same time, the applications running on these systems are subject to stringent real-time and safety requirements. Due to the non-deterministic execution model of the compute elements involved and the co-location of the workloads, which leads to contention of the shared hardware resources, designing and orchestrating such applications is particularly challenging. In fact, the demand for novel methodologies, tools, and best practices to assist application designers working on high-performance real-time systems has never been stronger.
To stimulate innovation in this area, this document outlines an industrial case study from the automotive domain targeting an Arm-based hardware platform. The selected application is an augmented reality head-up display, which can be considered a representative example of a high-performance real-time use case. This case study will serve as the basis for a (multi-year) challenge involving real-time and embedded systems researchers across academia and industry that will be kicked off at the 34superscript{th} Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS) 2022.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Computer systems organization → Real-time systems
  • Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems
  • Computing methodologies → Modeling and simulation
Keywords
  • real-time
  • worst-case execution time

Metrics

  • Access Statistics
  • Total Accesses (updated on a weekly basis)
    0
    PDF Downloads

References

  1. Sanjoy Baruah, Vincenzo Bonifaci, Gianlorenzo D'Angelo, Haohan Li, Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, Nicole Megow, and Leen Stougie. Scheduling real-time mixed-criticality jobs. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 61(8):1140-1152, 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2011.142.
  2. S.K. Baruah, A. Burns, and R.I. Davis. Response-time analysis for mixed criticality systems. In 2011 IEEE 32nd Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 34-43, 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSS.2011.12.
  3. Sudipta Chattopadhyay, Chong Lee Kee, Abhik Roychoudhury, Timon Kelter, Peter Marwedel, and Heiko Falk. A unified wcet analysis framework for multi-core platforms. In 2012 IEEE 18th Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, pages 99-108, 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/RTAS.2012.26.
  4. Liliana Cucu-Grosjean, Luca Santinelli, Michael Houston, Code Lo, Tullio Vardanega, Leonidas Kosmidis, Jaume Abella, Enrico Mezzetti, Eduardo Quiñones, and Francisco J. Cazorla. Measurement-based probabilistic timing analysis for multi-path programs. In 2012 24th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, pages 91-101, 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2012.31.
  5. Maxime Ferrera, Alexandre Eudes, Julien Moras, Martial Sanfourche, and Guy Le Besnerais. Ov^2slam : A fully online and versatile visual SLAM for real-time applications. CoRR, abs/2102.04060, 2021. URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.04060.
  6. Giovani Gracioli, Rohan Tabish, Renato Mancuso, reza mirosanlou, Rodolfo Pellizzoni, and Marco Caccamo. Designing mixed criticality applications on modern heterogeneous mpsoc platforms. In 2019 ECRTS, May 2019. Google Scholar
  7. Adrian Herrera. Running trusted firmware-a on gem5. https://community.arm.com/arm-research/b/articles/posts/running-trusted-firmware-a-on-gem5, June 2020.
  8. Hyoseung Kim, Arvind Kandhalu, and Ragunathan Rajkumar. A coordinated approach for practical os-level cache management in multi-core real-time systems. In 2013 25th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, pages 80-89, 2013. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2013.19.
  9. Jason Lowe-Power, Abdul Mutaal Ahmad, Ayaz Akram, Mohammad Alian, Rico Amslinger, Matteo Andreozzi, Adrià Armejach, Nils Asmussen, Srikant Bharadwaj, Gabe Black, Gedare Bloom, Bobby R. Bruce, Daniel Rodrigues Carvalho, Jerónimo Castrillón, Lizhong Chen, Nicolas Derumigny, Stephan Diestelhorst, Wendy Elsasser, Marjan Fariborz, Amin Farmahini Farahani, Pouya Fotouhi, Ryan Gambord, Jayneel Gandhi, Dibakar Gope, Thomas Grass, Bagus Hanindhito, Andreas Hansson, Swapnil Haria, Austin Harris, Timothy Hayes, Adrian Herrera, Matthew Horsnell, Syed Ali Raza Jafri, Radhika Jagtap, Hanhwi Jang, Reiley Jeyapaul, Timothy M. Jones, Matthias Jung, Subash Kannoth, Hamidreza Khaleghzadeh, Yuetsu Kodama, Tushar Krishna, Tommaso Marinelli, Christian Menard, Andrea Mondelli, Tiago Mück, Omar Naji, Krishnendra Nathella, Hoa Nguyen, Nikos Nikoleris, Lena E. Olson, Marc S. Orr, Binh Pham, Pablo Prieto, Trivikram Reddy, Alec Roelke, Mahyar Samani, Andreas Sandberg, Javier Setoain, Boris Shingarov, Matthew D. Sinclair, Tuan Ta, Rahul Thakur, Giacomo Travaglini, Michael Upton, Nilay Vaish, Ilias Vougioukas, Zhengrong Wang, Norbert Wehn, Christian Weis, David A. Wood, Hongil Yoon, and Éder F. Zulian. The gem5 simulator: Version 20.0+. CoRR, abs/2007.03152, 2020. URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.03152.
  10. Ningning Ma, Xiangyu Zhang, Hai-Tao Zheng, and Jian Sun. Shufflenet v2: Practical guidelines for efficient cnn architecture design, 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.1807.11164.
  11. Renato Mancuso, Roman Dudko, Emiliano Betti, Marco Cesati, Marco Caccamo, and Rodolfo Pellizzoni. Real-time cache management framework for multi-core architectures. In 2013 IEEE 19th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), pages 45-54, 2013. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/RTAS.2013.6531078.
  12. Jan Nowotsch, Michael Paulitsch, Daniel Bühler, Henrik Theiling, Simon Wegener, and Michael Schmidt. Multi-core interference-sensitive wcet analysis leveraging runtime resource capacity enforcement. In 2014 26th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, pages 109-118, 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2014.20.
  13. Panasonic automotive brings expansive, artificial intelligence-enhanced situational awareness to the driver experience with augmented reality head-up display. https://na.panasonic.com/us/news/panasonic-automotive-brings-expansive-artificial-intelligence-enhanced-situational-awareness-driver, January 2021.
  14. Michael Paulitsch, Oscar Medina Duarte, Hassen Karray, Kevin Mueller, Daniel Muench, and Jan Nowotsch. Mixed-criticality embedded systems - a balance ensuring partitioning and performance. In 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, pages 453-461, 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/DSD.2015.100.
  15. Samuel Rogers, Joshua Slycord, Mohammadreza Baharani, and Hamed Tabkhi. gem5-salam: A system architecture for llvm-based accelerator modeling. In 2020 53rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO), pages 471-482, 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRO50266.2020.00047.
  16. Nataniel Ruiz, Eunji Chong, and James M. Rehg. Fine-grained head pose estimation without keypoints. In The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops, June 2018. Google Scholar
  17. Yakun Sophia Shao, Sam Likun Xi, Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan, Gu-Yeon Wei, and David Brooks. Co-designing accelerators and soc interfaces using gem5-aladdin. In 2016 49th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO), pages 1-12, 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRO.2016.7783751.
  18. Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory et al. Robotic operating system. URL: https://www.ros.org.
  19. Sebastian Tobuschat, Moritz Neukirchner, Leonardo Ecco, and Rolf Ernst. Workload-aware shaping of shared resource accesses in mixed-criticality systems. In 2014 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS), pages 1-10, 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/2656075.2656105.
  20. Reinhard Wilhelm, Jakob Engblom, Andreas Ermedahl, Niklas Holsti, Stephan Thesing, David Whalley, Guillem Bernat, Christian Ferdinand, Reinhold Heckmann, Tulika Mitra, Frank Mueller, Isabelle Puaut, Peter Puschner, Jan Staschulat, and Per Stenström. The worst-case execution-time problem—overview of methods and survey of tools. ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst., 7(3), May 2008. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/1347375.1347389.
  21. Heechul Yun, Gang Yao, Rodolfo Pellizzoni, Marco Caccamo, and Lui Sha. Memguard: Memory bandwidth reservation system for efficient performance isolation in multi-core platforms. In 2013 IEEE 19th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), pages 55-64, 2013. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/RTAS.2013.6531079.
Questions / Remarks / Feedback
X

Feedback for Dagstuhl Publishing


Thanks for your feedback!

Feedback submitted

Could not send message

Please try again later or send an E-mail