For cyber-physical systems, real-time virtualization optimizes the hardware utilization by consolidating multiple systems into the same platform, while satisfying the timing constraints of their real-time tasks. This paper considers virtualization based on unikernels, i.e., single address space kernels usually constructed by using library operating systems. Each unikernel is a guest operating system in the virtualization and hosts a single real-time task. We consider deferrable servers in the virtualization platform to schedule the unikernel-based guest operating systems and analyze the worst-case response time of a sporadic real-time task under such a virtualization architecture. Throughout synthesized tasksets, we empirically show that our analysis outperforms the restated analysis derived from the state-of-the-art, which is based on Real-Time Calculus. Furthermore, we provide insights on implementation-specific issues and offer evidence that the proposed scheduling architecture can be effectively implemented on top of the Xen hypervisor while incurring acceptable overhead.
@InProceedings{chen_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.6, author = {Chen, Kuan-Hsun and G\"{u}nzel, Mario and Jablkowski, Boguslaw and Buschhoff, Markus and Chen, Jian-Jia}, title = {{Unikernel-Based Real-Time Virtualization Under Deferrable Servers: Analysis and Realization}}, booktitle = {34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)}, pages = {6:1--6:22}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-239-6}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2022}, volume = {231}, editor = {Maggio, Martina}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.6}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163239}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.6}, annote = {Keywords: Unikernel, Virtualization, Reservation Servers, Deferrable Servers, Cyber-Physical Systems, Real-Time Systems} }
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