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Depth-Bounded Quantum Cryptography with Applications to One-Time Memory and More

Author Qipeng Liu

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Author Details

Qipeng Liu
  • Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, Berkeley, CA, USA

Funding

  • Liu, Qipeng: supported in part by the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, through a Quantum Postdoctoral Fellowship and by the DARPA sieve-vespa grant HR00112020023.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Shafi Goldwasser for so many insightful discussions. Without whom, this work would be impossible.

Cite AsGet BibTex

Qipeng Liu. Depth-Bounded Quantum Cryptography with Applications to One-Time Memory and More. In 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 251, pp. 82:1-82:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.82

Abstract

With the power of quantum information, we can achieve exciting and classically impossible cryptographic primitives. However, almost all quantum cryptography faces extreme difficulties with the near-term intermediate-scale quantum technology (NISQ technology); namely, the short lifespan of quantum states and limited sequential computation. At the same time, considering only limited quantum adversaries may still enable us to achieve never-before-possible tasks. In this work, we consider quantum cryptographic primitives against limited quantum adversaries - depth-bounded adversaries. We introduce a model for (depth-bounded) NISQ computers, which are classical circuits interleaved with shallow quantum circuits. Then, we show one-time memory can be achieved against any depth-bounded quantum adversaries introduced in the work, with their depth being any pre-fixed polynomial. Therefore we obtain applications like one-time programs and one-time proofs. Finally, we show our one-time memory has correctness even against constant-rate errors.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Cryptographic protocols
  • Security and privacy → Authorization
  • Security and privacy → Public key (asymmetric) techniques
Keywords
  • cryptographic protocol
  • one-time memory
  • quantum cryptography

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