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Towards Infinite PCSP: A Dichotomy for Monochromatic Cliques

Authors: Demian Banakh, Alexey Barsukov, and Tamio-Vesa Nakajima

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 380, 41st Annual Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS 2026)


Abstract
The logic MMSNP is a well-studied fragment of Existential Second-Order logic that, from a computational perspective, captures finite-domain Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) modulo polynomial-time reductions. At the same time, MMSNP contains many problems that are expressible as ω-categorical CSPs but not as finite-domain ones. We initiate the study of Promise MMSNP (PMMSNP), a promise analogue of MMSNP. We show that every PMMSNP problem is poly-time equivalent to a (finite-domain) Promise CSP (PCSP), thereby extending the classical MMSNP-CSP correspondence to the promise setting. We then investigate the complexity of PMMSNPs arising from forbidding monochromatic cliques, a class encompassing promise graph colouring problems. For this class, we obtain a full complexity classification conditional on the Rich 2-to-1 Conjecture, a recently proposed perfect-completeness surrogate of the Unique Games Conjecture. As a key intermediate step which may be of independent interest, we prove that it is NP-hard, under the Rich 2-to-1 Conjecture, to properly colour a uniform hypergraph even if it is promised to admit a colouring satisfying a certain technical condition called reconfigurability. This proof is an extension of the recent work of Braverman, Khot, Lifshitz and Minzer (Adv. Math. 2025). To illustrate the broad applicability of this theorem, we show that it implies most of the linearly-ordered colouring conjecture of Barto, Battistelli, and Berg (STACS 2021).

Cite as

Demian Banakh, Alexey Barsukov, and Tamio-Vesa Nakajima. Towards Infinite PCSP: A Dichotomy for Monochromatic Cliques. In 41st Annual Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 380, pp. 13:1-13:28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{banakh_et_al:LIPIcs.LICS.2026.13,
  author =	{Banakh, Demian and Barsukov, Alexey and Nakajima, Tamio-Vesa},
  title =	{{Towards Infinite PCSP: A Dichotomy for Monochromatic Cliques}},
  booktitle =	{41st Annual Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS 2026)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:28},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-434-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{380},
  editor =	{Faggian, Claudia and Katoen, Joost-Pieter},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.LICS.2026.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-268000},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.LICS.2026.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem, MMSNP, Approximation Algorithms, Rainbow Colouring}
}
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