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Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Tile-Based Self-Assembly

Authors: Florent Becker, Phillip Drake, Matthew J. Patitz, and Trent A. Rogers

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 347, 31st International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 31) (2025)

Abstract

In this paper we study the relationship between mathematical models of tile-based self-assembly which differ in terms of the synchronicity of tile additions. In the standard abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), each step of assembly consists of a single tile being added to an assembly. At any given time, each location on the perimeter of an assembly to which a tile can legally bind is called a frontier location, and for each step of assembly one frontier location is randomly selected and a tile is added. In the Synchronous Tile Assembly Model (syncTAM), at each step of assembly every frontier location simultaneously receives a tile. Our results show that while directed, non-cooperative syncTAM systems are capable of universal computation (while directed, non-cooperative aTAM systems are known not to be), and they are capable of building shapes that can't be built within the aTAM, the non-cooperative aTAM is also capable of building shapes that can't be built within the syncTAM even cooperatively. We show a variety of results that demonstrate the similarities and differences between these two models.

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Florent Becker, Phillip Drake, Matthew J. Patitz, and Trent A. Rogers. Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Tile-Based Self-Assembly. In 31st International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 31). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 347, pp. 9:1-9:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{becker_et_al:LIPIcs.DNA.31.9,
  author =	{Becker, Florent and Drake, Phillip and Patitz, Matthew J. and Rogers, Trent A.},
  title =	{{Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Tile-Based Self-Assembly}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 31)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-399-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{347},
  editor =	{Schaeffer, Josie and Zhang, Fei},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.31.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-238580},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.31.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: self-assembly, noncooperative self-assembly, models of computation, tile assembly systems}
}

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.29.2

DNA Tile Self-Assembly for 3D-Surfaces: Towards Genus Identification

Authors: Florent Becker and Shahrzad Heydarshahi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 276, 29th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 29) (2023)

Abstract

We introduce a new DNA tile self-assembly model: the Surface Flexible Tile Assembly Model (SFTAM), where 2D tiles are placed on host 3D surfaces made of axis-parallel unit cubes glued together by their faces, called polycubes. The bonds are flexible, so that the assembly can bind on the edges of the polycube. We are interested in the study of SFTAM self-assemblies on 3D surfaces which are not always embeddable in the Euclidean plane, in order to compare their different behaviors and to compute the topological properties of the host surfaces. We focus on a family of polycubes called order-1 cuboids. Order-0 cuboids are polycubes that have six rectangular faces, and order-1 cuboids are made from two order-0 cuboids by substracting one from the other. Thus, order-1 cuboids can be of genus 0 or of genus 1 (then they contain a tunnel). We are interested in the genus of these structures, and we present a SFTAM tile assembly system that determines the genus of a given order-1 cuboid. The SFTAM tile assembly system which we design, contains a specific set Y of tile types with the following properties. If the assembly is made on a host order-1 cuboid C of genus 0, no tile of Y appears in any producible assembly, but if C has genus 1, every terminal assembly contains at least one tile of Y. Thus, for order-1 cuboids our system is able to distinguish the host surfaces according to their genus, by the tiles used in the assembly. This system is specific to order-1 cuboids but we can expect the techniques we use to be generalizable to other families of shapes.

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Florent Becker and Shahrzad Heydarshahi. DNA Tile Self-Assembly for 3D-Surfaces: Towards Genus Identification. In 29th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 29). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 276, pp. 2:1-2:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{becker_et_al:LIPIcs.DNA.29.2,
  author =	{Becker, Florent and Heydarshahi, Shahrzad},
  title =	{{DNA Tile Self-Assembly for 3D-Surfaces: Towards Genus Identification}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming (DNA 29)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-297-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{276},
  editor =	{Chen, Ho-Lin and Evans, Constantine G.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.29.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-187851},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.29.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Tile self-assembly, DNA computing, Geometric surfaces}
}

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Documents authored by Becker, Florent

Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Tile-Based Self-Assembly

Abstract

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DNA Tile Self-Assembly for 3D-Surfaces: Towards Genus Identification

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