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Documents authored by Carette, Titouan

Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.120
Compositionality of Planar Perfect Matchings: A Universal and Complete Fragment of ZW-Calculus

Authors: Titouan Carette, Etienne Moutot, Thomas Perez, and Renaud Vilmart

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
We exhibit a strong connection between the matchgate formalism introduced by Valiant and the ZW-calculus of Coecke and Kissinger. This connection provides a natural compositional framework for matchgate theory as well as a direct combinatorial interpretation of the diagrams of ZW-calculus through the perfect matchings of their underlying graphs. We identify a precise fragment of ZW-calculus, the planar W-calculus, that we prove to be complete and universal for matchgates, that are linear maps satisfying the matchgate identities. Computing scalars of the planar W-calculus corresponds to counting perfect matchings of planar graphs, and so can be carried in polynomial time using the FKT algorithm, making the planar W-calculus an efficiently simulable fragment of the ZW-calculus, in a similar way that the Clifford fragment is for ZX-calculus. This work opens new directions for the investigation of the combinatorial properties of ZW-calculus as well as the study of perfect matching counting through compositional diagrammatical technics.
Cite as

Titouan Carette, Etienne Moutot, Thomas Perez, and Renaud Vilmart. Compositionality of Planar Perfect Matchings: A Universal and Complete Fragment of ZW-Calculus. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 120:1-120:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{carette_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.120,
  author =	{Carette, Titouan and Moutot, Etienne and Perez, Thomas and Vilmart, Renaud},
  title =	{{Compositionality of Planar Perfect Matchings: A Universal and Complete Fragment of ZW-Calculus}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{120:1--120:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.120},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181726},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.120},
  annote =	{Keywords: Perfect Matchings Counting, Quantum Computing, Matchgates, ZW-Calculus, String Diagrams, Completeness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.24
Complete ZX-Calculi for the Stabiliser Fragment in Odd Prime Dimensions

Authors: Robert I. Booth and Titouan Carette

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 241, 47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022)

Abstract
We introduce a family of ZX-calculi which axiomatise the stabiliser fragment of quantum theory in odd prime dimensions. These calculi recover many of the nice features of the qubit ZX-calculus which were lost in previous proposals for higher-dimensional systems. We then prove that these calculi are complete, i.e. provide a set of rewrite rules which can be used to prove any equality of stabiliser quantum operations. Adding a discard construction, we obtain a calculus complete for mixed state stabiliser quantum mechanics in odd prime dimensions, and this furthermore gives a complete axiomatisation for the related diagrammatic language for affine co-isotropic relations.
Cite as

Robert I. Booth and Titouan Carette. Complete ZX-Calculi for the Stabiliser Fragment in Odd Prime Dimensions. In 47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 241, pp. 24:1-24:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{booth_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.24,
  author =	{Booth, Robert I. and Carette, Titouan},
  title =	{{Complete ZX-Calculi for the Stabiliser Fragment in Odd Prime Dimensions}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2022)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-256-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{241},
  editor =	{Szeider, Stefan and Ganian, Robert and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-168225},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2022.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: ZX-calculus, completeness, quantum, stabiliser, qudits}
}
Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.118
A Recipe for Quantum Graphical Languages

Authors: Titouan Carette and Emmanuel Jeandel

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 168, 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)

Abstract
Different graphical calculi have been proposed to represent quantum computation. First the ZX-calculus [Coecke and Duncan, 2011], followed by the ZW-calculus [Hadzihasanovic, 2015] and then the ZH-calculus [Backens and Kissinger, 2018]. We can wonder if new ZX-like calculi will continue to be proposed forever. This article answers negatively. All those language share a common core structure we call Z^*-algebras. We classify Z^*-algebras up to isomorphism in two dimensional Hilbert spaces and show that they are all variations of the aforementioned calculi. We do the same for linear relations and show that the calculus of [Bonchi et al., 2017] is essentially the unique one.
Cite as

Titouan Carette and Emmanuel Jeandel. A Recipe for Quantum Graphical Languages. In 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 168, pp. 118:1-118:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{carette_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.118,
  author =	{Carette, Titouan and Jeandel, Emmanuel},
  title =	{{A Recipe for Quantum Graphical Languages}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)},
  pages =	{118:1--118:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-138-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{168},
  editor =	{Czumaj, Artur and Dawar, Anuj and Merelli, Emanuela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.118},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-125250},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.118},
  annote =	{Keywords: Categorical Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computing, Category Theory}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2019.55
SZX-Calculus: Scalable Graphical Quantum Reasoning

Authors: Titouan Carette, Dominic Horsman, and Simon Perdrix

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 138, 44th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2019)

Abstract
We introduce the Scalable ZX-calculus (SZX-calculus for short), a formal and compact graphical language for the design and verification of quantum computations. The SZX-calculus is an extension of the ZX-calculus, a powerful framework that captures graphically the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics through its complete set of rewrite rules. The ZX-calculus is, however, a low level language, with each wire representing a single qubit. This limits its ability to handle large and elaborate quantum evolutions. We extend the ZX-calculus to registers of qubits and allow compact representation of sub-diagrams via binary matrices. We show soundness and completeness of the SZX-calculus and provide two examples of applications, for graph states and error correcting codes.
Cite as

Titouan Carette, Dominic Horsman, and Simon Perdrix. SZX-Calculus: Scalable Graphical Quantum Reasoning. In 44th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 138, pp. 55:1-55:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{carette_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2019.55,
  author =	{Carette, Titouan and Horsman, Dominic and Perdrix, Simon},
  title =	{{SZX-Calculus: Scalable Graphical Quantum Reasoning}},
  booktitle =	{44th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2019)},
  pages =	{55:1--55:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-117-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{138},
  editor =	{Rossmanith, Peter and Heggernes, Pinar and Katoen, Joost-Pieter},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2019.55},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-109999},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2019.55},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum computing, categorical quantum mechanics, completeness, scalability}
}
Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.108
Completeness of Graphical Languages for Mixed States Quantum Mechanics (Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming)

Authors: Titouan Carette, Emmanuel Jeandel, Simon Perdrix, and Renaud Vilmart

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)

Abstract
There exist several graphical languages for quantum information processing, like quantum circuits, ZX-Calculus, ZW-Calculus, etc. Each of these languages forms a dagger-symmetric monoidal category (dagger-SMC) and comes with an interpretation functor to the dagger-SMC of (finite dimension) Hilbert spaces. In the recent years, one of the main achievements of the categorical approach to quantum mechanics has been to provide several equational theories for most of these graphical languages, making them complete for various fragments of pure quantum mechanics. We address the question of the extension of these languages beyond pure quantum mechanics, in order to reason on mixed states and general quantum operations, i.e. completely positive maps. Intuitively, such an extension relies on the axiomatisation of a discard map which allows one to get rid of a quantum system, operation which is not allowed in pure quantum mechanics. We introduce a new construction, the discard construction, which transforms any dagger-symmetric monoidal category into a symmetric monoidal category equipped with a discard map. Roughly speaking this construction consists in making any isometry causal. Using this construction we provide an extension for several graphical languages that we prove to be complete for general quantum operations. However this construction fails for some fringe cases like the Clifford+T quantum mechanics, as the category does not have enough isometries.
Cite as

Titouan Carette, Emmanuel Jeandel, Simon Perdrix, and Renaud Vilmart. Completeness of Graphical Languages for Mixed States Quantum Mechanics (Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming). In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 108:1-108:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{carette_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.108,
  author =	{Carette, Titouan and Jeandel, Emmanuel and Perdrix, Simon and Vilmart, Renaud},
  title =	{{Completeness of Graphical Languages for Mixed States Quantum Mechanics}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{108:1--108:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.108},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-106844},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.108},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum Computing, Quantum Categorical Mechanics, Category Theory, Mixed States, Completely Positive Maps}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2017.20
Extended Learning Graphs for Triangle Finding

Authors: Titouan Carette, Mathieu Laurière, and Frédéric Magniez

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 66, 34th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2017)

Abstract
We present new quantum algorithms for Triangle Finding improving its best previously known quantum query complexities for both dense and sparse instances. For dense graphs on n vertices, we get a query complexity of O(n^(5/4)) without any of the extra logarithmic factors present in the previous algorithm of Le Gall [FOCS'14]. For sparse graphs with m >= n^(5/4) edges, we get a query complexity of O(n^(11/12) m^(1/6) sqrt(log n)), which is better than the one obtained by Le Gall and Nakajima [ISAAC'15] when m >= n^(3/2). We also obtain an algorithm with query complexity O(n^(5/6) (m log n)^(1/6) + d_2 sqrt(n)) where d_2 is the variance of the degree distribution. Our algorithms are designed and analyzed in a new model of learning graphs that we call extended learning graphs. In addition, we present a framework in order to easily combine and analyze them. As a consequence we get much simpler algorithms and analyses than previous algorithms of Le Gall based on the MNRS quantum walk framework [SICOMP'11].
Cite as

Titouan Carette, Mathieu Laurière, and Frédéric Magniez. Extended Learning Graphs for Triangle Finding. In 34th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 66, pp. 20:1-20:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{carette_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2017.20,
  author =	{Carette, Titouan and Lauri\`{e}re, Mathieu and Magniez, Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric},
  title =	{{Extended Learning Graphs for Triangle Finding}},
  booktitle =	{34th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2017)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-028-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{66},
  editor =	{Vollmer, Heribert and Vall\'{e}e, Brigitte},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2017.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-70132},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2017.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum query complexity, learning graphs, triangle finding}
}
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