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Documents authored by Carvalho, Nuno Ramos

Document
Short Paper
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2021.18
Bootstrapping a Data-Set and Model for Question-Answering in Portuguese (Short Paper)

Authors: Nuno Ramos Carvalho, Alberto Simões, and José João Almeida

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 94, 10th Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (SLATE 2021)

Abstract
Question answering systems are mainly concerned with fulfilling an information query written in natural language, given a collection of documents with relevant information. They are key elements in many popular application systems as personal assistants, chat-bots, or even FAQ-based online support systems. This paper describes an exploratory work carried out to come up with a state-of-the-art model for question-answering tasks, for the Portuguese language, based on deep neural networks. We also describe the automatic construction of a data-set for training and testing the model. The final model is not trained in any specific topic or context, and is able to handle generic documents, achieving 50% accuracy in the testing data-set. While the results are not exceptional, this work can support further development in the area, as both the data-set and model are publicly available.
Cite as

Nuno Ramos Carvalho, Alberto Simões, and José João Almeida. Bootstrapping a Data-Set and Model for Question-Answering in Portuguese (Short Paper). In 10th Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (SLATE 2021). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 94, pp. 18:1-18:5, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{carvalho_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2021.18,
  author =	{Carvalho, Nuno Ramos and Sim\~{o}es, Alberto and Almeida, Jos\'{e} Jo\~{a}o},
  title =	{{Bootstrapping a Data-Set and Model for Question-Answering in Portuguese}},
  booktitle =	{10th Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (SLATE 2021)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:5},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-202-0},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{94},
  editor =	{Queir\'{o}s, Ricardo and Pinto, M\'{a}rio and Sim\~{o}es, Alberto and Portela, Filipe and Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2021.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-144355},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2021.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: Portuguese language, question answering, deep learning}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.19
Conclave: Writing Programs to Understand Programs

Authors: Nuno Ramos Carvalho, José João Almeida, Maria João Varanda Pereira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 38, 3rd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (2014)

Abstract
Software maintainers are often challenged with source code changes to improve software systems, or eliminate defects, in unfamiliar programs. To undertake these tasks a sufficient understanding of the system, or at least a small part of it, is required. One of the most time consuming tasks of this process is locating which parts of the code are responsible for some key functionality or feature. This paper introduces Conclave, an environment for software analysis, that enhances program comprehension activities. Programmers use natural languages to describe and discuss the problem domain, programming languages to write source code, and markup languages to have programs talking with other programs, and so this system has to cope with this heterogeneity of dialects, and provide tools in all these areas to effectively contribute to the understanding process. The source code, the problem domain, and the side effects of running the program are represented in the system using ontologies. A combination of tools (specialized in different kinds of languages) create mappings between the different domains. Conclave provides facilities for feature location, code search, and views of the software that ease the process of understanding the code, devising changes. The underlying feature location technique explores natural language terms used in programs (e.g. function and variable names); using textual analysis and a collection of Natural Language Processing techniques, computes synonymous sets of terms. These sets are used to score relatedness between program elements, and search queries or problem domain concepts, producing sorted ranks of program elements that address the search criteria, or concepts respectively.
Cite as

Nuno Ramos Carvalho, José João Almeida, Maria João Varanda Pereira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques. Conclave: Writing Programs to Understand Programs. In 3rd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 38, pp. 19-34, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2014)

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@InProceedings{carvalho_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2014.19,
  author =	{Carvalho, Nuno Ramos and Almeida, Jos\'{e} Jo\~{a}o and Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o Varanda and Henriques, Pedro Rangel},
  title =	{{Conclave: Writing Programs to Understand Programs}},
  booktitle =	{3rd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies},
  pages =	{19--34},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-68-2},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2014},
  volume =	{38},
  editor =	{Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o Varanda and Leal, Jos\'{e} Paulo and Sim\~{o}es, Alberto},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-45561},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: software maintenance, software evolution, program comprehension, feature location, concept location, natural language processing}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.41
Generating flex Lexical Scanners for Perl Parse::Yapp

Authors: Alberto Simões, Nuno Ramos Carvalho, and José João Almeida

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 21, 1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (2012)

Abstract
Perl is known for its versatile regular expressions. Nevertheless, using Perl regular expressions for creating fast lexical analyzer is not easy. As an alternative, the authors defend the automated generation of the lexical analyzer in a well known fast application (flex) based on a simple Perl definition in the syntactic analyzer. In this paper we extend the syntax used by Parse::Yapp, one of the most used parser generators for Perl, making the automatic generation of flex lexical scanners possible. We explain how this is performed and conclude with some benchmarks that show the relevance of the approach.
Cite as

Alberto Simões, Nuno Ramos Carvalho, and José João Almeida. Generating flex Lexical Scanners for Perl Parse::Yapp. In 1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 21, pp. 41-50, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@InProceedings{simoes_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2012.41,
  author =	{Sim\~{o}es, Alberto and Carvalho, Nuno Ramos and Almeida, Jos\'{e} Jo\~{a}o},
  title =	{{Generating flex Lexical Scanners for Perl Parse::Yapp}},
  booktitle =	{1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies},
  pages =	{41--50},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-40-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{21},
  editor =	{Sim\~{o}es, Alberto and Queir\'{o}s, Ricardo and da Cruz, Daniela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.41},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-35133},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.41},
  annote =	{Keywords: flex, Perl, yapp, lexical analyzer}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.239
Probabilistic SynSet Based Concept Location

Authors: Nuno Ramos Carvalho, José João Almeida, Maria João Varanda Pereira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 21, 1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (2012)

Abstract
Concept location is a common task in program comprehension techniques, essential in many approaches used for software care and software evolution. An important goal of this process is to discover a mapping between source code and human oriented concepts. Although programs are written in a strict and formal language, natural language terms and sentences like identifiers (variables or functions names), constant strings or comments, can still be found embedded in programs. Using terminology concepts and natural language processing techniques these terms can be exploited to discover clues about which real world concepts source code is addressing. This work extends symbol tables build by compilers with ontology driven constructs, extends synonym sets defined by linguistics, with automatically created Probabilistic SynSets from software domain parallel corpora. And using a relational algebra, creates semantic bridges between program elements and human oriented concepts, to enhance concept location tasks.
Cite as

Nuno Ramos Carvalho, José João Almeida, Maria João Varanda Pereira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques. Probabilistic SynSet Based Concept Location. In 1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 21, pp. 239-253, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@InProceedings{carvalho_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2012.239,
  author =	{Carvalho, Nuno Ramos and Almeida, Jos\'{e} Jo\~{a}o and Varanda Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o and Henriques, Pedro Rangel},
  title =	{{Probabilistic SynSet Based Concept Location}},
  booktitle =	{1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies},
  pages =	{239--253},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-40-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{21},
  editor =	{Sim\~{o}es, Alberto and Queir\'{o}s, Ricardo and da Cruz, Daniela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.239},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-35267},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.239},
  annote =	{Keywords: program comprehension, program visualization, concept location, code inspection, synonym sets, probabilistic synonym sets, translation dictionary}
}
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