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d-DNNF Modulo Theories - Tool Source Code

Authors: Gabriele Masina, Emanuele Civini, Massimo Michelutti, Giuseppe Spallitta, and Roberto Sebastiani


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@misc{dagpub-supp--paper-25314-urlgithub.com-ecivini-tddnnf,
   title = {{d-DNNF Modulo Theories - Tool Source Code}}, 
   author = {Masina, Gabriele and Civini, Emanuele and Michelutti, Massimo and Spallitta, Giuseppe and Sebastiani, Roberto},
   note = {Software, swhId: \href{https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:dfb5a8722bba0719e3f4587868462eeb49861e22;origin=https://github.com/ecivini/tddnnf;visit=swh:1:snp:d8c5fef6920b5bfa56c7d89e694ec573e126c93f;anchor=swh:1:rev:f38e4ab6a094249c6ef603f3c212f06c36b17cca}{\texttt{swh:1:dir:dfb5a8722bba0719e3f4587868462eeb49861e22}} (visited on 2026-07-16)},
   url = {https://github.com/ecivini/tddnnf},
}
Artifact
Software
d-DNNF Modulo Theories - Tool Source Code

Authors: Gabriele Masina, Emanuele Civini, Massimo Michelutti, Giuseppe Spallitta, and Roberto Sebastiani


Abstract

Cite as


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@misc{dagpub-supp--paper-25314-urlgithub.com-ecivini-tddnnf-testbench,
   title = {{d-DNNF Modulo Theories - Tool Source Code}}, 
   author = {Masina, Gabriele and Civini, Emanuele and Michelutti, Massimo and Spallitta, Giuseppe and Sebastiani, Roberto},
   note = {Software, swhId: \href{https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:4abff4348814eea939787996676d630614fbcd61;origin=https://github.com/ecivini/tddnnf-testbench;visit=swh:1:snp:f51790b2bcb8ef78b177464f28f7ca7e5234b3bd;anchor=swh:1:rev:5c5f96f133dc43b6575089b3d2f9c85003f6170e}{\texttt{swh:1:dir:4abff4348814eea939787996676d630614fbcd61}} (visited on 2026-07-16)},
   url = {https://github.com/ecivini/tddnnf-testbench},
}
Document
d-DNNF Modulo Theories: A General Framework for Polytime SMT Queries

Authors: Gabriele Masina, Emanuele Civini, Massimo Michelutti, Giuseppe Spallitta, and Roberto Sebastiani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 377, 29th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2026)


Abstract
In Knowledge Compilation (KC) a propositional knowledge base is compiled off-line into some target form, typically into deterministic decomposable negation normal form (d-DNNF) or one of its subcases, which is then used on-line to answer a large number of queries in polytime, such as clausal entailment, model counting, and others. The general idea is to push as much of the computational effort into the off-line compilation phase, which is amortized over all on-line polytime queries. In this paper, we present for the first time a novel and general technique to leverage d-DNNF compilation and querying to SMT level. Intuitively, before d-DNNF compilation, the input SMT formula is combined with a list of pre-computed ad-hoc theory lemmas, so that the queries at SMT level reduce to those at propositional level. This approach has several features: (i) it works for every theory, or theory combination thereof; (ii) it works for all forms of d-DNNF; (iii) it is easy to implement on top of any d-DNNF compiler and any theory-lemma enumerator, which are used as black boxes; (iv) most importantly, these compiled SMT d-DNNFs can be queried in polytime by means of a standard propositional d-DNNF reasoner. As proof of concept, we have implemented a tool on top of state-of-the-art d-DNNF packages and of the MathSAT SMT solver. Some preliminary empirical evaluation supports the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.

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Gabriele Masina, Emanuele Civini, Massimo Michelutti, Giuseppe Spallitta, and Roberto Sebastiani. d-DNNF Modulo Theories: A General Framework for Polytime SMT Queries. In 29th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 377, pp. 25:1-25:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{masina_et_al:LIPIcs.SAT.2026.25,
  author =	{Masina, Gabriele and Civini, Emanuele and Michelutti, Massimo and Spallitta, Giuseppe and Sebastiani, Roberto},
  title =	{{d-DNNF Modulo Theories: A General Framework for Polytime SMT Queries}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2026)},
  pages =	{25:1--25:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-431-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{377},
  editor =	{Ignatiev, Alexey and Szeider, Stefan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2026.25},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-263316},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2026.25},
  annote =	{Keywords: SMT, Knowledge Compilation, d-DNNF}
}
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