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Documents authored by De Simone, Luigi

Artifact
Software
DOI: 10.4230/artifacts.26589
dessertlab/preempt-k8s

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano

Abstract
Cite as

Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, Stefano Toscano. dessertlab/preempt-k8s (Software, Source Code). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@misc{dagstuhl-artifact-26589,
   title = {{dessertlab/preempt-k8s}}, 
   author = {Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
   note = {Software, version 1.0., swhId: \href{https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:aa067aa2469f1a7a0ef5dad20b909e8c1453a6eb;origin=https://github.com/dessertlab/preempt-k8s;visit=swh:1:snp:c60a4b7091464898c78d8f6029fc106cdbdf9060;anchor=swh:1:rev:28da00bba91e1ee5a3c79f1887715daf7a079b33}{\texttt{swh:1:dir:aa067aa2469f1a7a0ef5dad20b909e8c1453a6eb}} (visited on 2026-07-02)},
   url = {https://github.com/dessertlab/preempt-k8s},
   doi = {10.4230/artifacts.26589},
}
Artifact
Software
DOI: 10.4230/artifacts.26590
dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano

Abstract
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Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, Stefano Toscano. dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled (Software, Source Code). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@misc{dagstuhl-artifact-26590,
   title = {{dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled}}, 
   author = {Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
   note = {Software, version 1.0., swhId: \href{https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:248b9febbae1cd09735cc4c896f544e72cbed87b;origin=https://github.com/dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled;visit=swh:1:snp:c4f4f9706ba2e49d8dcb7f21e8d4d976fccd1f69;anchor=swh:1:rev:c29eb1798bcb965736e07e9a1faf6e9156b401f9}{\texttt{swh:1:dir:248b9febbae1cd09735cc4c896f544e72cbed87b}} (visited on 2026-07-02)},
   url = {https://github.com/dessertlab/knative-crd-scaled},
   doi = {10.4230/artifacts.26590},
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2026.22
PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 375, 38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026)

Abstract
The orchestration of application instances is critical for the efficient management of cloud computing platforms. Specifically, the serverless paradigm automates container spawning and de-spawning based on actual load, mitigating inefficiencies, such as over- and under-provisioning, that might compromise Service Level Objectives (SLOs). This dynamic behavior introduces significant challenges concerning initialization and termination latencies, which are exacerbated when enforcing real-time requirements in mixed-criticality systems. The existing literature already addresses key issues, such as reducing cold-start times and assuring real-time performance to deployed instances. However, container orchestration times remain an overlooked factor that can severely affect instance startup times, especially when the orchestrator is subject to intense workloads. In this paper, we present PREEMPT-FaaS, an orchestration controller that, unlike commonly adopted controllers, adopts a fixed-priority preemptive scheduling of requests to guarantee reduced orchestration times to high-priority and highly critical instances. We implemented PREEMPT-FaaS as a Rust custom controller for Kubernetes (K8s), along with a patch for Knative, a popular serverless platform built upon K8s. We perform an extensive experimental campaign of PREEMPT-FaaS, including the serving of AI workloads, such as, recurring neural networks and video analytics, showing up to ∼6× reduction of orchestration times under high load and improving end-to-end cold-start times of critical instances, with a consequent reduction of service-level latencies (up to ∼2 s reduction under stress at the 95th percentile).
Cite as

Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano. PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments. In 38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 375, pp. 22:1-22:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{cinque_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2026.22,
  author =	{Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
  title =	{{PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments}},
  booktitle =	{38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-429-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{375},
  editor =	{Kritikakou, Angeliki},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2026.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-266155},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2026.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Edge-Cloud, Orchestration, Containers, Mixed-Criticality, Kubernetes}
}
Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.12.2.1
PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments (Artifact)

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano

Published in: DARTS, Volume 12, Issue 2, Special Issue of the 38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026)

Abstract
The orchestration of application instances is critical for the efficient management of cloud computing platforms. Specifically, the serverless paradigm automates container spawning and de-spawning based on actual load, mitigating inefficiencies, such as over- and under-provisioning, that might compromise Service Level Objectives (SLOs). This dynamic behavior introduces significant challenges concerning initialization and termination latencies, which are exacerbated when enforcing real-time requirements in mixed-criticality systems. The existing literature already addresses key issues, such as reducing cold-start times and assuring real-time performance to deployed instances. However, container orchestration times remain an overlooked factor that can severely affect instance startup times, especially when the orchestrator is subject to intense workloads. In this paper, we present PREEMPT-FaaS, an orchestration controller that, unlike commonly adopted controllers, adopts a fixed-priority preemptive scheduling of requests to guarantee reduced orchestration times to high-priority and highly critical instances. We implemented PREEMPT-FaaS as a Rust custom controller for Kubernetes (K8s), along with a patch for Knative, a popular serverless platform built upon K8s. We perform an extensive experimental campaign of PREEMPT-FaaS, including the serving of AI workloads, such as, recurring neural networks and video analytics, showing up to ∼6× reduction of orchestration times under high load and improving end-to-end cold-start times of critical instances, with a consequent reduction of service-level laencies (up to ∼2 s reduction under stress at the 95th percentile).
Cite as

Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, and Stefano Toscano. PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 38th European Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2026). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 12, Issue 2, pp. 1:1-1:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@Article{cinque_et_al:DARTS.12.2.1,
  author =	{Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
  title =	{{PREEMPT-FaaS: Taming Orchestration Times in Latency-Sensitive Serverless Environments (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{1:1--1:21},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{12},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele and Toscano, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.12.2.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-266185},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.12.2.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Edge-Cloud, Orchestration, Containers, Mixed-Criticality, Kubernetes}
}
Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.8.1.1
Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers (Artifact)

Authors: Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte

Published in: DARTS, Volume 8, Issue 1, Special Issue of the 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)

Abstract
Real-time containers are a promising solution to reduce latencies in time-sensitive cloud systems. Recent efforts are emerging to extend their usage in industrial edge systems with mixed-criticality constraints. In these contexts, isolation becomes a major concern: a disturbance (such as timing faults or unexpected overloads) affecting a container must not impact the behavior of other containers deployed on the same hardware. In this artifact, we propose a novel architectural solution to achieve isolation in real-time containers, based on real-time co-kernels, hierarchical scheduling, and time-division networking. The architecture has been implemented on Linux patched with the Xenomai co-kernel, extended with a new hierarchical scheduling policy, named SCHED_DS, and integrating the RTNet stack. Experimental results, presented in the related scholarly paper, are promising in terms of overhead and latency compared to other Linux-based solutions. More importantly, the isolation of containers is guaranteed even in presence of severe co-located disturbances, such as faulty tasks (elapsing more time than declared) or high CPU, network, or I/O stress on the same machine.
Cite as

Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte. Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 1:1-1:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{barletta_et_al:DARTS.8.1.1,
  author =	{Barletta, Marco and Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele},
  title =	{{Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{1:1--1:12},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Barletta, Marco and Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.8.1.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-164979},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.8.1.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-time, Mixed-criticality, Containers, Edge computing}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15
Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers

Authors: Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)

Abstract
Real-time containers are a promising solution to reduce latencies in time-sensitive cloud systems. Recent efforts are emerging to extend their usage in industrial edge systems with mixed-criticality constraints. In these contexts, isolation becomes a major concern: a disturbance (such as timing faults or unexpected overloads) affecting a container must not impact the behavior of other containers deployed on the same hardware. In this paper, we propose a novel architectural solution to achieve isolation in real-time containers, based on real-time co-kernels, hierarchical scheduling, and time-division networking. The architecture has been implemented on Linux patched with the Xenomai co-kernel, extended with a new hierarchical scheduling policy, named SCHED_DS, and integrating the RTNet stack. Experimental results are promising in terms of overhead and latency compared to other Linux-based solutions. More importantly, the isolation of containers is guaranteed even in presence of severe co-located disturbances, such as faulty tasks (elapsing more time than declared) or high CPU, network, or I/O stress on the same machine.
Cite as

Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte. Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 15:1-15:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{barletta_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15,
  author =	{Barletta, Marco and Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele},
  title =	{{Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163328},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-time, Mixed-criticality, Containers, Edge computing}
}
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