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Documents authored by Della Corte, Raffaele

Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.8.1.1
Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers (Artifact)

Authors: Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte

Published in: DARTS, Volume 8, Issue 1, Special Issue of the 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)

Abstract
Real-time containers are a promising solution to reduce latencies in time-sensitive cloud systems. Recent efforts are emerging to extend their usage in industrial edge systems with mixed-criticality constraints. In these contexts, isolation becomes a major concern: a disturbance (such as timing faults or unexpected overloads) affecting a container must not impact the behavior of other containers deployed on the same hardware. In this artifact, we propose a novel architectural solution to achieve isolation in real-time containers, based on real-time co-kernels, hierarchical scheduling, and time-division networking. The architecture has been implemented on Linux patched with the Xenomai co-kernel, extended with a new hierarchical scheduling policy, named SCHED_DS, and integrating the RTNet stack. Experimental results, presented in the related scholarly paper, are promising in terms of overhead and latency compared to other Linux-based solutions. More importantly, the isolation of containers is guaranteed even in presence of severe co-located disturbances, such as faulty tasks (elapsing more time than declared) or high CPU, network, or I/O stress on the same machine.
Cite as

Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte. Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 1:1-1:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{barletta_et_al:DARTS.8.1.1,
  author =	{Barletta, Marco and Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele},
  title =	{{Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{1:1--1:12},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Barletta, Marco and Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.8.1.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-164979},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.8.1.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-time, Mixed-criticality, Containers, Edge computing}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15
Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers

Authors: Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)

Abstract
Real-time containers are a promising solution to reduce latencies in time-sensitive cloud systems. Recent efforts are emerging to extend their usage in industrial edge systems with mixed-criticality constraints. In these contexts, isolation becomes a major concern: a disturbance (such as timing faults or unexpected overloads) affecting a container must not impact the behavior of other containers deployed on the same hardware. In this paper, we propose a novel architectural solution to achieve isolation in real-time containers, based on real-time co-kernels, hierarchical scheduling, and time-division networking. The architecture has been implemented on Linux patched with the Xenomai co-kernel, extended with a new hierarchical scheduling policy, named SCHED_DS, and integrating the RTNet stack. Experimental results are promising in terms of overhead and latency compared to other Linux-based solutions. More importantly, the isolation of containers is guaranteed even in presence of severe co-located disturbances, such as faulty tasks (elapsing more time than declared) or high CPU, network, or I/O stress on the same machine.
Cite as

Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte. Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 15:1-15:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{barletta_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15,
  author =	{Barletta, Marco and Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele},
  title =	{{Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163328},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-time, Mixed-criticality, Containers, Edge computing}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2019.5
RT-CASEs: Container-Based Virtualization for Temporally Separated Mixed-Criticality Task Sets

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Raffaele Della Corte, Antonio Eliso, and Antonio Pecchia

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 133, 31st Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2019)

Abstract
This paper presents the notion of real-time containers, or rt-cases, conceived as the convergence of container-based virtualization technologies, such as Docker, and hard real-time operating systems. The idea is to allow critical containers, characterized by stringent timeliness and reliability requirements, to cohabit with traditional non real-time containers on the same hardware. The approach allows to keep the advantages of real-time virtualization, largely adopted in the industry, while reducing its inherent scalability limitation when to be applied to large-scale mixed-criticality systems or severely constrained hardware environments. The paper provides a reference architecture scheme for implementing the real-time container concept on top of a Linux kernel patched with a hard real-time co-kernel, and it discusses a possible solution, based on execution time monitoring, to achieve temporal separation of fixed-priority hard real-time periodic tasks running within containers with different criticality levels. The solution has been implemented using Docker over a Linux kernel patched with RTAI. Experimental results on real machinery show how the implemented solution is able to achieve temporal separation on a variety of random task sets, despite the presence of faulty tasks within a container that systematically exceed their worst case execution time.
Cite as

Marcello Cinque, Raffaele Della Corte, Antonio Eliso, and Antonio Pecchia. RT-CASEs: Container-Based Virtualization for Temporally Separated Mixed-Criticality Task Sets. In 31st Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 133, pp. 5:1-5:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{cinque_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2019.5,
  author =	{Cinque, Marcello and Della Corte, Raffaele and Eliso, Antonio and Pecchia, Antonio},
  title =	{{RT-CASEs: Container-Based Virtualization for Temporally Separated Mixed-Criticality Task Sets}},
  booktitle =	{31st Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2019)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-110-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{133},
  editor =	{Quinton, Sophie},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2019.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-107426},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2019.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Containers, mixed-criticality, temporal separation, monitoring}
}
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