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Documents authored by Denny, Paul

Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.15.7.253
Generative AI in Programming Education (Dagstuhl Seminar 25311)

Authors: Michelle Craig, Paul Denny, Natalie Kiesler, and James Prather

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 15, Issue 7 (2026)

Abstract
This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 25311 "Generative AI in Programming Education". During the seminar, we examined the transformative impact of Generative AI on programming education. Because they can solve many introductory tasks given only natural language prompts, AI tools are challenging established approaches to programming education, in which there has been a traditional emphasis on writing small programs and providing (automated) feedback to learners. While these developments raise concerns about student over-reliance and inaccurate feedback, they also open opportunities for new pedagogical practices, such as fostering prompt literacy, adapting curricula, and designing AI-assisted learning tools. The present seminar convened 42 international experts to exchange knowledge, present research, and share innovations through keynotes, lightning talks, and tool demonstrations. Collaborative working groups explored implications for learning outcomes, assessment, equity, human values, and tool design, while identifying directions for systematic evaluation and interdisciplinary research. The seminar successfully established a foundation for a sustained community of practice and set an agenda for advancing programming education in the era of Generative AI.
Cite as

Michelle Craig, Paul Denny, Natalie Kiesler, and James Prather. Generative AI in Programming Education (Dagstuhl Seminar 25311). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 15, Issue 7, pp. 253-279, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@Article{craig_et_al:DagRep.15.7.253,
  author =	{Craig, Michelle and Denny, Paul and Kiesler, Natalie and Prather, James},
  title =	{{Generative AI in Programming Education (Dagstuhl Seminar 25311)}},
  pages =	{253--279},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{15},
  number =	{7},
  editor =	{Craig, Michelle and Denny, Paul and Kiesler, Natalie and Prather, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.15.7.253},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-257636},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.15.7.253},
  annote =	{Keywords: artificial intelligence, computer programming, computing education, generative ai, large language models}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.12.1.119
The Human Factors Impact of Programming Error Messages (Dagstuhl Seminar 22052)

Authors: Brett A. Becker, Paul Denny, Janet Siegmund, Andreas Stefik, and Eddie Antonio Santos

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 12, Issue 1 (2022)

Abstract
The impacts of many human factors on how people program are poorly understood and present significant challenges for work on improving programmer productivity and effective techniques for teaching and learning programming. Programming error messages are one factor that is particularly problematic, with a documented history of evidence dating back over 50 years. Such messages, commonly called compiler error messages, present difficulties for programmers with diverse demographic backgrounds. It is generally agreed that these messages could be more effective for all users, making this an obvious and high-impact area to target for improving programming outcomes. This report documents the program and the outputs of Dagstuhl Seminar 22052, "The Human Factors Impact of Programming Error Messages", which explores this problem. In total, 11 on-site participants and 17 remote participants engaged in intensive collaboration during the seminar, including discussing past and current research, identifying gaps, and developing ways to move forward collaboratively to address these challenges.
Cite as

Brett A. Becker, Paul Denny, Janet Siegmund, Andreas Stefik, and Eddie Antonio Santos. The Human Factors Impact of Programming Error Messages (Dagstuhl Seminar 22052). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 12, Issue 1, pp. 119-130, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{becker_et_al:DagRep.12.1.119,
  author =	{Becker, Brett A. and Denny, Paul and Siegmund, Janet and Stefik, Andreas and Santos, Eddie Antonio},
  title =	{{The Human Factors Impact of Programming Error Messages (Dagstuhl Seminar 22052)}},
  pages =	{119--130},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{12},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Becker, Brett A. and Denny, Paul and Siegmund, Janet and Stefik, Andreas and Santos, Eddie Antonio},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.12.1.119},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-169246},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.12.1.119},
  annote =	{Keywords: Accessibility; Compilers; Compiler Error Messages; Computer Science Education; Computer-Human Interaction; Computing Education; CS1; Error Messages; HCI; Human Factors; Human Computer Interaction; Novice Programmers; Programming Errors; Programming Error Messages; Programming Languages; Software Engineering; Syntax Errors}
}
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