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DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2026.9

Towards Property-Based Testing of Smart Contracts Using Gas Analysis (Short Paper)

Authors: Elvira Albert, Emanuele De Angelis, Marco Di Ianni, Fabio Fioravanti, and Pablo Gordillo

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 142, 7th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2026)

Abstract

Testing has become an integral part of the software development process in order to ensure the correct and safe execution of programs. A powerful approach to testing is property-based testing that aims at generating unit tests that verify that a certain property of interest holds. However, smart contracts are also characterized by important non-functional aspects, such as the gas consumption required to execute their functions. Static gas analyzers are able to obtain parametric gas bounds - that soundly over-approximate - the gas consumption of executing each of the public functions within a smart contract. This paper discusses our ideas towards combining both formal methods, property-based testing and gas analysis, in order to generate gas-aware unit tests that can ensure the gas requirements provided by the programmers.

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Elvira Albert, Emanuele De Angelis, Marco Di Ianni, Fabio Fioravanti, and Pablo Gordillo. Towards Property-Based Testing of Smart Contracts Using Gas Analysis (Short Paper). In 7th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2026). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 142, pp. 9:1-9:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{albert_et_al:OASIcs.FMBC.2026.9,
  author =	{Albert, Elvira and De Angelis, Emanuele and Di Ianni, Marco and Fioravanti, Fabio and Gordillo, Pablo},
  title =	{{Towards Property-Based Testing of Smart Contracts Using Gas Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{7th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2026)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:8},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-424-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{142},
  editor =	{Bartoletti, Massimo and Marmsoler, Diego},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2026.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-257069},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2026.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property-based Testing, Blockchain, Ethereum, Gas}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2024.6

Towards Benchmarking of Solidity Verification Tools

Authors: Massimo Bartoletti, Fabio Fioravanti, Giulia Matricardi, Roberto Pettinau, and Franco Sainas

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 118, 5th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2024)

Abstract

Formal verification of smart contracts has become a hot topic in academic and industrial research, given the growing value of assets managed by decentralized applications and the consequent incentive for adversaries to tamper with them. Most of the current research on the verification of contracts revolves around Solidity, the main high-level language supported by Ethereum and other leading blockchains. Although bug detection tools for Solidity have been proliferating almost since the inception of Ethereum, only in the last few years we have seen verification tools capable of proving that a contract respects some desirable properties. An open issue is how to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of these tools: indeed, the existing benchmarks for general-purpose programming languages cannot be adapted to Solidity, given substantial differences in the programming model and in the desirable properties. We address this problem by proposing an open benchmark for Solidity verification tools. By exploiting our benchmark, we compare two leading tools, SolCMC and Certora, discussing their completeness, soundness and expressiveness limitations.

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Massimo Bartoletti, Fabio Fioravanti, Giulia Matricardi, Roberto Pettinau, and Franco Sainas. Towards Benchmarking of Solidity Verification Tools. In 5th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2024). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 118, pp. 6:1-6:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bartoletti_et_al:OASIcs.FMBC.2024.6,
  author =	{Bartoletti, Massimo and Fioravanti, Fabio and Matricardi, Giulia and Pettinau, Roberto and Sainas, Franco},
  title =	{{Towards Benchmarking of Solidity Verification Tools}},
  booktitle =	{5th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Blockchains (FMBC 2024)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:15},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-317-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{118},
  editor =	{Bernardo, Bruno and Marmsoler, Diego},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2024.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198719},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.FMBC.2024.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Smart contracts, Ethereum, Verification, Blockchain}
}

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Documents authored by Fioravanti, Fabio

Towards Property-Based Testing of Smart Contracts Using Gas Analysis (Short Paper)

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Towards Benchmarking of Solidity Verification Tools

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