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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2025.16

Depth-Optimal Quantum Layout Synthesis as SAT

Authors: Anna B. Jakobsen, Anders B. Clausen, Jaco van de Pol, and Irfansha Shaik

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 341, 28th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2025)

Abstract

Quantum circuits consist of gates applied to qubits. Current quantum hardware platforms impose connectivity restrictions on binary CX gates. Hence, Layout Synthesis is an important step to transpile quantum circuits before they can be executed. Since CX gates are noisy, it is important to reduce the CX count or CX depth of the mapped circuits. We provide a new and efficient encoding of Quantum-circuit Layout Synthesis in SAT. Previous SAT encodings focused on gate count and CX-gate count. Our encoding instead guarantees that we find mapped circuits with minimal circuit depth or minimal CX-gate depth. We use incremental SAT solving and parallel plans for an efficient encoding. This results in speedups of more than 10-100x compared to OLSQ2, which guarantees depth-optimality. But minimizing depth still takes more time than minimizing gate count with Q-Synth. We correlate the noise reduction achieved by simulating circuits after (CX)-count and (CX)-depth reduction. We find that minimizing for CX-count correlates better with reducing noise than minimizing for CX-depth. However, taking into account both CX-count and CX-depth provides the best noise reduction.

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Anna B. Jakobsen, Anders B. Clausen, Jaco van de Pol, and Irfansha Shaik. Depth-Optimal Quantum Layout Synthesis as SAT. In 28th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 341, pp. 16:1-16:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{jakobsen_et_al:LIPIcs.SAT.2025.16,
  author =	{Jakobsen, Anna B. and Clausen, Anders B. and van de Pol, Jaco and Shaik, Irfansha},
  title =	{{Depth-Optimal Quantum Layout Synthesis as SAT}},
  booktitle =	{28th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2025)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-381-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{341},
  editor =	{Berg, Jeremias and Nordstr\"{o}m, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2025.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-237501},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2025.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum Layout Synthesis, Transpiling, Circuit Mapping, Incremental SAT, Parallel Plans}
}

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Depth-Optimal Quantum Layout Synthesis as SAT

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