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Documents authored by Morais, Ceres

Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2026.14
5W2H as a Flexible Analytical Framework for Investigating Programming Teaching and Learning Across Different Methodological Designs

Authors: Gabryella Rodrigues, Ceres Morais, and António Osório

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 145, 7th International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2026)

Abstract
Teaching and learning programming in Higher Education is a complex process involving cognitive, pedagogical, contextual, and metacognitive dimensions. Traditional analyses focused only on final learning outcomes, such as code correctness, performance, or pass/fail rates, may not fully capture how students construct knowledge, face difficulties, mobilize strategies, and interact with different learning contexts. This article discusses the use of the 5W2H framework as a flexible analytical tool in two doctoral studies on programming teaching and learning. The first study used 5W2H to organize and triangulate data from a mixed-methods single case study on the teaching and learning of programming in a Higher Education course. The second study articulated 5W2H with the spiral model and Bloom’s revised taxonomy to analyze a qualitative multiple case study focused on students' algorithm construction process. Through a comparative analysis, the article shows that 5W2H can operate at different analytical scales: as a broad structure for mapping subjects, contexts, methodologies, difficulties, and learning factors, and as a process-oriented framework for interpreting students' actions during algorithmic problem solving. The findings suggest that 5W2H supports the organization, categorization, triangulation, and interpretation of complex educational data. Therefore, the framework offers a useful methodological lens for research in programming education, helping researchers understand the relationships between subjects, contexts, strategies, difficulties, and cognitive processes involved in teaching and learning programming.
Cite as

Gabryella Rodrigues, Ceres Morais, and António Osório. 5W2H as a Flexible Analytical Framework for Investigating Programming Teaching and Learning Across Different Methodological Designs. In 7th International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2026). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 145, pp. 14:1-14:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{rodrigues_et_al:OASIcs.ICPEC.2026.14,
  author =	{Rodrigues, Gabryella and Morais, Ceres and Os\'{o}rio, Ant\'{o}nio},
  title =	{{5W2H as a Flexible Analytical Framework for Investigating Programming Teaching and Learning Across Different Methodological Designs}},
  booktitle =	{7th International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2026)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-443-7},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{145},
  editor =	{Portela, Filipe and Matos, Lu{\'\i}s and Guimar\~{a}es, Tiago},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2026.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-267516},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2026.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: 5W2H, programming education, programming learning, analytical framework, Higher Education}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2020.17
Detailing an e-Learning Course on Software Engineering and Architecture Using BPMN

Authors: Ceres Morais, Daniela Pedrosa, Mario Madureira Fontes, José Cravino, and Leonel Morgado

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 81, First International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2020)

Abstract
We have employed BPMN diagrams to expose the foreseen teaching and learning activities of participants in an e-learning course under planning. This provided clarification of the teaching and learning actions, revealing to the educational planning team aspects which were not explicit in the lecturer’s plan, such as: the level of effort for the teacher as well as for the student; specific moments when there is a need to provide feedback and motivation. We believe that this exercise constitutes a rich and helpful contribution in planning and visualization efficient for other teaching teams of computer programming courses.
Cite as

Ceres Morais, Daniela Pedrosa, Mario Madureira Fontes, José Cravino, and Leonel Morgado. Detailing an e-Learning Course on Software Engineering and Architecture Using BPMN. In First International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2020). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 81, pp. 17:1-17:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{morais_et_al:OASIcs.ICPEC.2020.17,
  author =	{Morais, Ceres and Pedrosa, Daniela and Fontes, Mario Madureira and Cravino, Jos\'{e} and Morgado, Leonel},
  title =	{{Detailing an e-Learning Course on Software Engineering and Architecture Using BPMN}},
  booktitle =	{First International Computer Programming Education Conference (ICPEC 2020)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:8},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-153-5},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{81},
  editor =	{Queir\'{o}s, Ricardo and Portela, Filipe and Pinto, M\'{a}rio and Sim\~{o}es, Alberto},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2020.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-123045},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.ICPEC.2020.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: educational planning, BPMN, e-learning, programming courses, MVC, software engineering education}
}
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