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Documents authored by Myreen, Magnus O.

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2025.21
Practically Feasible Proof Logging for Pseudo-Boolean Optimization

Authors: Wietze Koops, Daniel Le Berre, Magnus O. Myreen, Jakob Nordström, Andy Oertel, Yong Kiam Tan, and Marc Vinyals

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 340, 31st International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2025)

Abstract
Certifying solvers have long been standard for decision problems in Boolean satisfiability (SAT), allowing for proof logging and checking with very limited overhead, but developing similar tools for combinatorial optimization has remained a challenge. A recent promising approach covering a wide range of solving paradigms is pseudo-Boolean proof logging, but this has mostly consisted of proof-of-concept works far from delivering the performance required for real-world deployment. In this work, we present an efficient toolchain based on VeriPB and CakePB for formally verified pseudo-Boolean optimization. We implement proof logging for the full range of techniques in the state-of-the-art solvers RoundingSat and Sat4j, including core-guided search and linear programming integration with Farkas certificates and cut generation. Our experimental evaluation shows that proof logging and checking performance in this much more expressive paradigm is now quite close to the level of SAT solving, and hence is clearly practically feasible.
Cite as

Wietze Koops, Daniel Le Berre, Magnus O. Myreen, Jakob Nordström, Andy Oertel, Yong Kiam Tan, and Marc Vinyals. Practically Feasible Proof Logging for Pseudo-Boolean Optimization. In 31st International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 340, pp. 21:1-21:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{koops_et_al:LIPIcs.CP.2025.21,
  author =	{Koops, Wietze and Le Berre, Daniel and Myreen, Magnus O. and Nordstr\"{o}m, Jakob and Oertel, Andy and Tan, Yong Kiam and Vinyals, Marc},
  title =	{{Practically Feasible Proof Logging for Pseudo-Boolean Optimization}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2025)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-380-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{340},
  editor =	{de la Banda, Maria Garcia},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2025.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-238825},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2025.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: proof logging, certifying algorithms, combinatorial optimization, certification, pseudo-Boolean solving, 0-1 integer linear programming}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2025.32
Efficient Certified Reasoning for Binarized Neural Networks

Authors: Jiong Yang, Yong Kiam Tan, Mate Soos, Magnus O. Myreen, and Kuldeep S. Meel

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 341, 28th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2025)

Abstract
Neural networks have emerged as essential components in safety-critical applications - these use cases demand complex, yet trustworthy computations. Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) are a type of neural network where each neuron is constrained to a Boolean value; they are particularly well-suited for safety-critical tasks because they retain much of the computational capacities of full-scale (floating-point or quantized) deep neural networks, but remain compatible with satisfiability solvers for qualitative verification and with model counters for quantitative reasoning. However, existing methods for BNN analysis suffer from either limited scalability or susceptibility to soundness errors, which hinders their applicability in real-world scenarios. In this work, we present a scalable and trustworthy approach for both qualitative and quantitative verification of BNNs. Our approach introduces a native representation of BNN constraints in a custom-designed solver for qualitative reasoning, and in an approximate model counter for quantitative reasoning. We further develop specialized proof generation and checking pipelines with native support for BNN constraint reasoning, ensuring trustworthiness for all of our verification results. Empirical evaluations on a BNN robustness verification benchmark suite demonstrate that our certified solving approach achieves a 9× speedup over prior certified CNF and PB-based approaches, and our certified counting approach achieves a 218× speedup over the existing CNF-based baseline. In terms of coverage, our pipeline produces fully certified results for 99% and 86% of the qualitative and quantitative reasoning queries on BNNs, respectively. This is in sharp contrast to the best existing baselines which can fully certify only 62% and 4% of the queries, respectively.
Cite as

Jiong Yang, Yong Kiam Tan, Mate Soos, Magnus O. Myreen, and Kuldeep S. Meel. Efficient Certified Reasoning for Binarized Neural Networks. In 28th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 341, pp. 32:1-32:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{yang_et_al:LIPIcs.SAT.2025.32,
  author =	{Yang, Jiong and Tan, Yong Kiam and Soos, Mate and Myreen, Magnus O. and Meel, Kuldeep S.},
  title =	{{Efficient Certified Reasoning for Binarized Neural Networks}},
  booktitle =	{28th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2025)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-381-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{341},
  editor =	{Berg, Jeremias and Nordstr\"{o}m, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2025.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-237665},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2025.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: Neural network verification, proof certification, SAT solving, approximate model counting}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.4
Fast, Verified Computation for Candle

Authors: Oskar Abrahamsson and Magnus O. Myreen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 268, 14th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2023)

Abstract
This paper describes how we have added an efficient function for computation to the kernel of the Candle interactive theorem prover. Candle is a CakeML port of HOL Light which we have, in prior work, proved sound w.r.t. the inference rules of the higher-order logic. This paper extends the original implementation and soundness proof with a new kernel function for fast computation. Experiments show that the new computation function is able to speed up certain evaluation proofs by several orders of magnitude.
Cite as

Oskar Abrahamsson and Magnus O. Myreen. Fast, Verified Computation for Candle. In 14th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 268, pp. 4:1-4:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{abrahamsson_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2023.4,
  author =	{Abrahamsson, Oskar and Myreen, Magnus O.},
  title =	{{Fast, Verified Computation for Candle}},
  booktitle =	{14th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2023)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-284-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{268},
  editor =	{Naumowicz, Adam and Thiemann, Ren\'{e}},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-183797},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Prover soundness, Higher-order logic, Interactive theorem proving}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2022.3
Candle: A Verified Implementation of HOL Light

Authors: Oskar Abrahamsson, Magnus O. Myreen, Ramana Kumar, and Thomas Sewell

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 237, 13th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2022)

Abstract
This paper presents a fully verified interactive theorem prover for higher-order logic, more specifically: a fully verified clone of HOL Light. Our verification proof of this new system results in an end-to-end correctness theorem that guarantees the soundness of the entire system down to the machine code that executes at runtime. Our theorem states that every exported fact produced by this machine-code program is valid in higher-order logic. Our implementation consists of a read-eval-print loop (REPL) that executes the CakeML compiler internally. Throughout this work, we have strived to make the REPL of the new system provide a user experience as close to HOL Light’s as possible. To this end, we have, e.g., made the new system parse the same variant of OCaml syntax as HOL Light. All of the work described in this paper has been carried out in the HOL4 theorem prover.
Cite as

Oskar Abrahamsson, Magnus O. Myreen, Ramana Kumar, and Thomas Sewell. Candle: A Verified Implementation of HOL Light. In 13th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 237, pp. 3:1-3:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{abrahamsson_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2022.3,
  author =	{Abrahamsson, Oskar and Myreen, Magnus O. and Kumar, Ramana and Sewell, Thomas},
  title =	{{Candle: A Verified Implementation of HOL Light}},
  booktitle =	{13th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2022)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-252-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{237},
  editor =	{Andronick, June and de Moura, Leonardo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2022.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-167126},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2022.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Prover soundness, Higher-order logic, Interactive theorem proving}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2022.20
Taming an Authoritative Armv8 ISA Specification: L3 Validation and CakeML Compiler Verification

Authors: Hrutvik Kanabar, Anthony C. J. Fox, and Magnus O. Myreen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 237, 13th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2022)

Abstract
Machine-readable specifications for the Armv8 instruction set architecture have become publicly available as part of Arm’s release processes, providing an official and unambiguous source of truth for the semantics of Arm instructions. To date, compiler and machine code verification efforts have made use of unofficial theorem-proving-friendly specifications of Armv8, e.g. CakeML uses an L3-based specification. The validity of these verification efforts hinges upon their unofficial ISA specifications being valid with respect to the official Arm specification. Leveraging the Sail language ecosystem, we bridge this validation gap by formally verifying that an L3-based specification simulates the official Arm specification using the HOL4 interactive theorem prover. We exercise this simulation by proving a novel compiler correctness result for CakeML with respect to Arm’s official specification of the Armv8.6 A-class instruction set.
Cite as

Hrutvik Kanabar, Anthony C. J. Fox, and Magnus O. Myreen. Taming an Authoritative Armv8 ISA Specification: L3 Validation and CakeML Compiler Verification. In 13th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 237, pp. 20:1-20:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{kanabar_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2022.20,
  author =	{Kanabar, Hrutvik and Fox, Anthony C. J. and Myreen, Magnus O.},
  title =	{{Taming an Authoritative Armv8 ISA Specification: L3 Validation and CakeML Compiler Verification}},
  booktitle =	{13th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2022)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-252-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{237},
  editor =	{Andronick, June and de Moura, Leonardo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2022.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-167295},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2022.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Compiler verification, ISA specification, HOL4, interactive theorem proving}
}
Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.8.2.10
Verified Compilation and Optimization of Floating-Point Programs in CakeML (Artifact)

Authors: Heiko Becker, Robert Rabe, Eva Darulova, Magnus O. Myreen, Zachary Tatlock, Ramana Kumar, Yong Kiam Tan, and Anthony Fox

Published in: DARTS, Volume 8, Issue 2, Special Issue of the 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022)

Abstract
Verified compilers such as CompCert and CakeML have become increasingly realistic over the last few years, but their support for floating-point arithmetic has thus far been limited. In particular, they lack the "fast-math-style" optimizations that unverified mainstream compilers perform. Supporting such optimizations in the setting of verified compilers is challenging because these optimizations, for the most part, do not preserve the IEEE-754 floating-point semantics. However, IEEE-754 floating-point numbers are finite approximations of the real numbers, and we argue that any compiler correctness result for fast-math optimizations should appeal to a real-valued semantics rather than the rigid IEEE-754 floating-point numbers. This document describes the artifact for RealCake, an extension of CakeML that achieves end-to-end correctness results for fast-math-style optimized compilation of floating-point arithmetic. This result is achieved by giving CakeML a flexible floating-point semantics and integrating an external proof-producing accuracy analysis. RealCake’s end-to-end theorems relate the I/O behavior of the original source program under real-number semantics to the observable I/O behavior of the compiler generated and fast-math-optimized machine code.
Cite as

Heiko Becker, Robert Rabe, Eva Darulova, Magnus O. Myreen, Zachary Tatlock, Ramana Kumar, Yong Kiam Tan, and Anthony Fox. Verified Compilation and Optimization of Floating-Point Programs in CakeML (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 8, Issue 2, pp. 10:1-10:2, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{becker_et_al:DARTS.8.2.10,
  author =	{Becker, Heiko and Rabe, Robert and Darulova, Eva and Myreen, Magnus O. and Tatlock, Zachary and Kumar, Ramana and Tan, Yong Kiam and Fox, Anthony},
  title =	{{Verified Compilation and Optimization of Floating-Point Programs in CakeML (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{10:1--10:2},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Becker, Heiko and Rabe, Robert and Darulova, Eva and Myreen, Magnus O. and Tatlock, Zachary and Kumar, Ramana and Tan, Yong Kiam and Fox, Anthony},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.8.2.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-162086},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.8.2.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: compiler verification, compiler optimization, floating-point arithmetic}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.1
Verified Compilation and Optimization of Floating-Point Programs in CakeML

Authors: Heiko Becker, Robert Rabe, Eva Darulova, Magnus O. Myreen, Zachary Tatlock, Ramana Kumar, Yong Kiam Tan, and Anthony Fox

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 222, 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022)

Abstract
Verified compilers such as CompCert and CakeML have become increasingly realistic over the last few years, but their support for floating-point arithmetic has thus far been limited. In particular, they lack the "fast-math-style" optimizations that unverified mainstream compilers perform. Supporting such optimizations in the setting of verified compilers is challenging because these optimizations, for the most part, do not preserve the IEEE-754 floating-point semantics. However, IEEE-754 floating-point numbers are finite approximations of the real numbers, and we argue that any compiler correctness result for fast-math optimizations should appeal to a real-valued semantics rather than the rigid IEEE-754 floating-point numbers. This paper presents RealCake, an extension of CakeML that achieves end-to-end correctness results for fast-math-style optimized compilation of floating-point arithmetic. This result is achieved by giving CakeML a flexible floating-point semantics and integrating an external proof-producing accuracy analysis. RealCake’s end-to-end theorems relate the I/O behavior of the original source program under real-number semantics to the observable I/O behavior of the compiler generated and fast-math-optimized machine code.
Cite as

Heiko Becker, Robert Rabe, Eva Darulova, Magnus O. Myreen, Zachary Tatlock, Ramana Kumar, Yong Kiam Tan, and Anthony Fox. Verified Compilation and Optimization of Floating-Point Programs in CakeML. In 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 222, pp. 1:1-1:28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{becker_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.1,
  author =	{Becker, Heiko and Rabe, Robert and Darulova, Eva and Myreen, Magnus O. and Tatlock, Zachary and Kumar, Ramana and Tan, Yong Kiam and Fox, Anthony},
  title =	{{Verified Compilation and Optimization of Floating-Point Programs in CakeML}},
  booktitle =	{36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:28},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-225-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{222},
  editor =	{Ali, Karim and Vitek, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-162290},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: compiler verification, compiler optimization, floating-point arithmetic}
}
Document
Invited Paper
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2021.1
The CakeML Project’s Quest for Ever Stronger Correctness Theorems (Invited Paper)

Authors: Magnus O. Myreen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 193, 12th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2021)

Abstract
The CakeML project has developed a proof-producing code generation mechanism for the HOL4 theorem prover, a verified compiler for ML and, using these, a number of verified application programs that are proved correct down to the machine code that runs them (in some cases, even down to the underlying hardware). The purpose of this extended abstract is to tell the story of the project and to point curious readers to publications where they can read more about specific contributions.
Cite as

Magnus O. Myreen. The CakeML Project’s Quest for Ever Stronger Correctness Theorems (Invited Paper). In 12th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 193, pp. 1:1-1:10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{myreen:LIPIcs.ITP.2021.1,
  author =	{Myreen, Magnus O.},
  title =	{{The CakeML Project’s Quest for Ever Stronger Correctness Theorems}},
  booktitle =	{12th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2021)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:10},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-188-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{193},
  editor =	{Cohen, Liron and Kaliszyk, Cezary},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2021.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-138963},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2021.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Program verification, interactive theorem proving}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019.32
Characteristic Formulae for Liveness Properties of Non-Terminating CakeML Programs

Authors: Johannes Åman Pohjola, Henrik Rostedt, and Magnus O. Myreen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 141, 10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019)

Abstract
There are useful programs that do not terminate, and yet standard Hoare logics are not able to prove liveness properties about non-terminating programs. This paper shows how a Hoare-like programming logic framework (characteristic formulae) can be extended to enable reasoning about the I/O behaviour of programs that do not terminate. The approach is inspired by transfinite induction rather than coinduction, and does not require non-terminating loops to be productive. This work has been developed in the HOL4 theorem prover and has been integrated into the ecosystem of proof tools surrounding the CakeML programming language.
Cite as

Johannes Åman Pohjola, Henrik Rostedt, and Magnus O. Myreen. Characteristic Formulae for Liveness Properties of Non-Terminating CakeML Programs. In 10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 141, pp. 32:1-32:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{amanpohjola_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2019.32,
  author =	{\r{A}man Pohjola, Johannes and Rostedt, Henrik and Myreen, Magnus O.},
  title =	{{Characteristic Formulae for Liveness Properties of Non-Terminating CakeML Programs}},
  booktitle =	{10th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2019)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-122-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{141},
  editor =	{Harrison, John and O'Leary, John and Tolmach, Andrew},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-110872},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2019.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: Program verification, non-termination, liveness, Hoare logic}
}
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