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Graded Modal Type Theory for Pulse Schedules

Authors: Robin Adams, Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Lorenzo Perticone, and Jeremy Pope


Abstract

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Robin Adams, Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Lorenzo Perticone, Jeremy Pope. Graded Modal Type Theory for Pulse Schedules (Software, Source Code). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@misc{dagstuhl-artifact-27329,
   title = {{Graded Modal Type Theory for Pulse Schedules}}, 
   author = {Adams, Robin and Bernardy, Jean-Philippe and Perticone, Lorenzo and Pope, Jeremy},
   note = {Software, This research was funded by the SSF (Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research) project QuantumStack, grant number FUS21-0063., swhId: \href{https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:bc79e493a8f11d72e5382289e1ef8d1284024082;origin=https://codeberg.org/radams78/grampus.git;visit=swh:1:snp:dfc2042f8a825085f51d25ac29729c9fbbe428d6;anchor=swh:1:rev:71bd1fc1fe6105e27027da7b208cf83da35f9b4f}{\texttt{swh:1:dir:bc79e493a8f11d72e5382289e1ef8d1284024082}} (visited on 2026-07-30)},
   url = {https://codeberg.org/radams78/grampus.git},
   doi = {10.4230/artifacts.27329},
}
Document
A Graded Modal Type Theory for Pulse Schedules

Authors: Robin Adams, Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Lorenzo Perticone, and Jeremy Pope

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 384, 31st International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2025)


Abstract
The operations to be performed by a quantum computer are almost invariably given in the form of a quantum circuit. In the final stage of compilation, a quantum circuit must be translated into the input signals accepted by the quantum hardware itself. For a quantum computer based on superconducting qubits, this will be a sequence of microwave control pulses to be sent to the various input channels. A pulse schedule gives a full specification for which pulse should be applied to which channel at what time. There is as yet no language for these pulse schedules that is very amenable to formal semantics. In this paper, we propose such a language called GRAMPUS (GRAded Modal type theory for PUlse Schedules). It is a graded modal type theory, where the grades represent timing information: a variable x :^{50} Q₁ will represent a state of qubit Q₁ that will exist 50 nanoseconds in the future, and a variable y :^{-75} Q₂ will represent a state of qubit Q₂ that existed 75 nanoseconds in the past. We give the syntax for two type theories, one with grades (the annotated language) and one without (the plain language). We prove some metatheoretic properties, and describe the semantics in terms of category theory. We show that the input signals to a quantum chip forms a model of the annotated language. We also give a syntactic model, prove that it is initial, and hence prove soundness and completeness theorems.

Cite as

Robin Adams, Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Lorenzo Perticone, and Jeremy Pope. A Graded Modal Type Theory for Pulse Schedules. In 31st International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 384, pp. 5:1-5:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)


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@InProceedings{adams_et_al:LIPIcs.TYPES.2025.5,
  author =	{Adams, Robin and Bernardy, Jean-Philippe and Perticone, Lorenzo and Pope, Jeremy},
  title =	{{A Graded Modal Type Theory for Pulse Schedules}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2025)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-441-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{384},
  editor =	{Nordvall Forsberg, Fredrik and McKinna, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2025.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-270237},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2025.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum computing, superconducting qubits, linear type theory, graded modal type theory}
}
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