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Documents authored by Saraç, N. Ege

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.29
Strategic Dominance: A New Preorder for Nondeterministic Processes

Authors: Thomas A. Henzinger, Nicolas Mazzocchi, and N. Ege Saraç

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 311, 35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024)

Abstract
We study the following refinement relation between nondeterministic state-transition models: model ℬ strategically dominates model 𝒜 iff every deterministic refinement of 𝒜 is language contained in some deterministic refinement of ℬ. While language containment is trace inclusion, and the (fair) simulation preorder coincides with tree inclusion, strategic dominance falls strictly between the two and can be characterized as "strategy inclusion" between 𝒜 and ℬ: every strategy that resolves the nondeterminism of 𝒜 is dominated by a strategy that resolves the nondeterminism of ℬ. Strategic dominance can be checked in 2-ExpTime by a decidable first-order Presburger logic with quantification over words and strategies, called resolver logic. We give several other applications of resolver logic, including checking the co-safety, co-liveness, and history-determinism of boolean and quantitative automata, and checking the inclusion between hyperproperties that are specified by nondeterministic boolean and quantitative automata.
Cite as

Thomas A. Henzinger, Nicolas Mazzocchi, and N. Ege Saraç. Strategic Dominance: A New Preorder for Nondeterministic Processes. In 35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 311, pp. 29:1-29:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{henzinger_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.29,
  author =	{Henzinger, Thomas A. and Mazzocchi, Nicolas and Sara\c{c}, N. Ege},
  title =	{{Strategic Dominance: A New Preorder for Nondeterministic Processes}},
  booktitle =	{35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024)},
  pages =	{29:1--29:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-339-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{311},
  editor =	{Majumdar, Rupak and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.29},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208011},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.29},
  annote =	{Keywords: quantitative automata, refinement relation, resolver, strategy, history-determinism}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2023.17
Safety and Liveness of Quantitative Automata

Authors: Udi Boker, Thomas A. Henzinger, Nicolas Mazzocchi, and N. Ege Saraç

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 279, 34th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2023)

Abstract
The safety-liveness dichotomy is a fundamental concept in formal languages which plays a key role in verification. Recently, this dichotomy has been lifted to quantitative properties, which are arbitrary functions from infinite words to partially-ordered domains. We look into harnessing the dichotomy for the specific classes of quantitative properties expressed by quantitative automata. These automata contain finitely many states and rational-valued transition weights, and their common value functions Inf, Sup, LimInf, LimSup, LimInfAvg, LimSupAvg, and DSum map infinite words into the totally-ordered domain of real numbers. In this automata-theoretic setting, we establish a connection between quantitative safety and topological continuity and provide an alternative characterization of quantitative safety and liveness in terms of their boolean counterparts. For all common value functions, we show how the safety closure of a quantitative automaton can be constructed in PTime, and we provide PSpace-complete checks of whether a given quantitative automaton is safe or live, with the exception of LimInfAvg and LimSupAvg automata, for which the safety check is in ExpSpace. Moreover, for deterministic Sup, LimInf, and LimSup automata, we give PTime decompositions into safe and live automata. These decompositions enable the separation of techniques for safety and liveness verification for quantitative specifications.
Cite as

Udi Boker, Thomas A. Henzinger, Nicolas Mazzocchi, and N. Ege Saraç. Safety and Liveness of Quantitative Automata. In 34th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 279, pp. 17:1-17:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{boker_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2023.17,
  author =	{Boker, Udi and Henzinger, Thomas A. and Mazzocchi, Nicolas and Sara\c{c}, N. Ege},
  title =	{{Safety and Liveness of Quantitative Automata}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2023)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-299-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{279},
  editor =	{P\'{e}rez, Guillermo A. and Raskin, Jean-Fran\c{c}ois},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2023.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-190118},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2023.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: quantitative safety, quantitative liveness, quantitative automata}
}
Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.129
Regular Methods for Operator Precedence Languages

Authors: Thomas A. Henzinger, Pavol Kebis, Nicolas Mazzocchi, and N. Ege Saraç

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
The operator precedence languages (OPLs) represent the largest known subclass of the context-free languages which enjoys all desirable closure and decidability properties. This includes the decidability of language inclusion, which is the ultimate verification problem. Operator precedence grammars, automata, and logics have been investigated and used, for example, to verify programs with arithmetic expressions and exceptions (both of which are deterministic pushdown but lie outside the scope of the visibly pushdown languages). In this paper, we complete the picture and give, for the first time, an algebraic characterization of the class of OPLs in the form of a syntactic congruence that has finitely many equivalence classes exactly for the operator precedence languages. This is a generalization of the celebrated Myhill-Nerode theorem for the regular languages to OPLs. As one of the consequences, we show that universality and language inclusion for nondeterministic operator precedence automata can be solved by an antichain algorithm. Antichain algorithms avoid determinization and complementation through an explicit subset construction, by leveraging a quasi-order on words, which allows the pruning of the search space for counterexample words without sacrificing completeness. Antichain algorithms can be implemented symbolically, and these implementations are today the best-performing algorithms in practice for the inclusion of finite automata. We give a generic construction of the quasi-order needed for antichain algorithms from a finite syntactic congruence. This yields the first antichain algorithm for OPLs, an algorithm that solves the ExpTime-hard language inclusion problem for OPLs in exponential time.
Cite as

Thomas A. Henzinger, Pavol Kebis, Nicolas Mazzocchi, and N. Ege Saraç. Regular Methods for Operator Precedence Languages. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 129:1-129:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{henzinger_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.129,
  author =	{Henzinger, Thomas A. and Kebis, Pavol and Mazzocchi, Nicolas and Sara\c{c}, N. Ege},
  title =	{{Regular Methods for Operator Precedence Languages}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{129:1--129:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.129},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181814},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.129},
  annote =	{Keywords: operator precedence automata, syntactic congruence, antichain algorithm}
}
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