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Canonizing Graphs of Bounded Rank-Width in Parallel via Weisfeiler-Leman

Authors: Michael Levet, Puck Rombach, and Nicholas Sieger

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 294, 19th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2024)


Abstract
In this paper, we show that computing canonical labelings of graphs of bounded rank-width is in TC². Our approach builds on the framework of Köbler & Verbitsky (CSR 2008), who established the analogous result for graphs of bounded treewidth. Here, we use the framework of Grohe & Neuen (ACM Trans. Comput. Log., 2023) to enumerate separators via split-pairs and flip functions. In order to control the depth of our circuit, we leverage the fact that any graph of rank-width k admits a rank decomposition of width ≤ 2k and height O(log n) (Courcelle & Kanté, WG 2007). This allows us to utilize an idea from Wagner (CSR 2011) of tracking the depth of the recursion in our computation. Furthermore, after splitting the graph into connected components, it is necessary to decide isomorphism of said components in TC¹. To this end, we extend the work of Grohe & Neuen (ibid.) to show that the (6k+3)-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) algorithm can identify graphs of rank-width k using only O(log n) rounds. As a consequence, we obtain that graphs of bounded rank-width are identified by FO + C formulas with 6k+4 variables and quantifier depth O(log n). Prior to this paper, isomorphism testing for graphs of bounded rank-width was not known to be in NC.

Cite as

Michael Levet, Puck Rombach, and Nicholas Sieger. Canonizing Graphs of Bounded Rank-Width in Parallel via Weisfeiler-Leman. In 19th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 294, pp. 32:1-32:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{levet_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.32,
  author =	{Levet, Michael and Rombach, Puck and Sieger, Nicholas},
  title =	{{Canonizing Graphs of Bounded Rank-Width in Parallel via Weisfeiler-Leman}},
  booktitle =	{19th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2024)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-318-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{294},
  editor =	{Bodlaender, Hans L.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-200724},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2024.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph Isomorphism, Weisfeiler-Leman, Rank-Width, Canonization, Descriptive Complexity, Circuit Complexity}
}
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