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Documents authored by Smith, F. Donelson


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Smith, F. Donelson

Document
Avoiding Pitfalls when Using NVIDIA GPUs for Real-Time Tasks in Autonomous Systems

Authors: Ming Yang, Nathan Otterness, Tanya Amert, Joshua Bakita, James H. Anderson, and F. Donelson Smith

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 106, 30th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2018)


Abstract
NVIDIA's CUDA API has enabled GPUs to be used as computing accelerators across a wide range of applications. This has resulted in performance gains in many application domains, but the underlying GPU hardware and software are subject to many non-obvious pitfalls. This is particularly problematic for safety-critical systems, where worst-case behaviors must be taken into account. While such behaviors were not a key concern for earlier CUDA users, the usage of GPUs in autonomous vehicles has taken CUDA programs out of the sole domain of computer-vision and machine-learning experts and into safety-critical processing pipelines. Certification is necessary in this new domain, which is problematic because GPU software may have been developed without any regard for worst-case behaviors. Pitfalls when using CUDA in real-time autonomous systems can result from the lack of specifics in official documentation, and developers of GPU software not being aware of the implications of their design choices with regards to real-time requirements. This paper focuses on the particular challenges facing the real-time community when utilizing CUDA-enabled GPUs for autonomous applications, and best practices for applying real-time safety-critical principles.

Cite as

Ming Yang, Nathan Otterness, Tanya Amert, Joshua Bakita, James H. Anderson, and F. Donelson Smith. Avoiding Pitfalls when Using NVIDIA GPUs for Real-Time Tasks in Autonomous Systems. In 30th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 106, pp. 20:1-20:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)


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@InProceedings{yang_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.20,
  author =	{Yang, Ming and Otterness, Nathan and Amert, Tanya and Bakita, Joshua and Anderson, James H. and Smith, F. Donelson},
  title =	{{Avoiding Pitfalls when Using NVIDIA GPUs for Real-Time Tasks in Autonomous Systems}},
  booktitle =	{30th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2018)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-075-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{106},
  editor =	{Altmeyer, Sebastian},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-89845},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: real-time systems, graphics processing units, scheduling algorithms, parallel computing, embedded software}
}

Smith, Scott F.

Document
Higher-Order Demand-Driven Program Analysis

Authors: Zachary Palmer and Scott F. Smith

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 56, 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016)


Abstract
We explore a novel approach to higher-order program analysis that brings ideas of on-demand lookup from first-order CFL-reachability program analyses to higher-order programs. The analysis needs to produce only a control-flow graph; it can derive all other information including values of variables directly from the graph. Several challenges had to be overcome, including how to build the control-flow graph on-the-fly and how to deal with non-local variables in functions. The resulting analysis is flow- and context-sensitive with a provable polynomial-time bound. The analysis is formalized and proved correct and terminating, and an initial implementation is described.

Cite as

Zachary Palmer and Scott F. Smith. Higher-Order Demand-Driven Program Analysis. In 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 56, pp. 19:1-19:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)


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@InProceedings{palmer_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.19,
  author =	{Palmer, Zachary and Smith, Scott F.},
  title =	{{Higher-Order Demand-Driven Program Analysis}},
  booktitle =	{30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-014-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{56},
  editor =	{Krishnamurthi, Shriram and Lerner, Benjamin S.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-61132},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2016.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: functional programming, program analysis, polynomial-time, demand-driven, flow-sensitive, context-sensitive}
}
Document
Higher-Order Demand-Driven Program Analysis (Artifact)

Authors: Leandro Facchinetti, Zachary Palmer, and Scott F. Smith

Published in: DARTS, Volume 2, Issue 1, Special Issue of the 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016)


Abstract
This artifact is a proof-of-concept implementation of DDPA, an on-demand program analysis for higher-order functional programs. The implementation, written in OCaml, includes a parser, evaluator, and DDPA analysis for the language defined in the companion paper (including the proper record semantics extension). The analysis may be performed using different levels of precision as specified by the user and is capable of rendering the control flow graphs and pushdown systems using the GraphViz language DOT. This artifact was used to verify the conclusions of the companion paper and produces visualizations matching those figures in the companion paper's overview.

Cite as

Leandro Facchinetti, Zachary Palmer, and Scott F. Smith. Higher-Order Demand-Driven Program Analysis (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 30th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2016). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 9:1-9:2, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)


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@Article{facchinetti_et_al:DARTS.2.1.9,
  author =	{Facchinetti, Leandro and Palmer, Zachary and Smith, Scott F.},
  title =	{{Higher-Order Demand-Driven Program Analysis (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{9:1--9:2},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Facchinetti, Leandro and Palmer, Zachary and Smith, Scott F.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.2.1.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-61304},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.2.1.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: program analysis, polynomial, demand-driven, flow-sensitive, context-sensitive}
}
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