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DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SCOR.2016.4

Simulation Combined Approach to Police Patrol Services Staffing

Authors: Hanjing Zhang, Antuela Tako, Lisa M. Jackson, and Jiyin Liu

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 50, 5th Student Conference on Operational Research (SCOR 2016)

Abstract

Motivated by the squeeze on public service expenditure, staffing is an important issue for service systems, which are required to maintain or even improve their service levels in order to meet general public demand. This paper considers Police Patrol Service Systems (PPSSs) where staffing issues are extremely serious and important because they have an impact on service costs, quality and public-safety. Police patrol service systems are of particularly interest because the demand for service exhibits large time-varying characteristics. In this case, incidents with different urgent grades have different targets of patrol officers’ immediate attendances. A new method is proposed which aims to determine appropriate staffing levels. This method starts at a refinement of the Square Root Staffing (SRS) algorithm which introduces the possibility of a delay in responding to a priority incident. Simulation of queueing systems will then be implemented to indicate modifications in shift schedules. The proposed method is proved to be effective on a test instance generated from real patrol activity records in a local police force.

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Hanjing Zhang, Antuela Tako, Lisa M. Jackson, and Jiyin Liu. Simulation Combined Approach to Police Patrol Services Staffing. In 5th Student Conference on Operational Research (SCOR 2016). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 50, pp. 4:1-4:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{zhang_et_al:OASIcs.SCOR.2016.4,
  author =	{Zhang, Hanjing and Tako, Antuela and Jackson, Lisa M. and Liu, Jiyin},
  title =	{{Simulation Combined Approach to Police Patrol Services Staffing}},
  booktitle =	{5th Student Conference on Operational Research (SCOR 2016)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-004-0},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{50},
  editor =	{Hardy, Bradley and Qazi, Abroon and Ravizza, Stefan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SCOR.2016.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-65168},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SCOR.2016.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Police patrol service system, Time dependent queue, Priority queue, Square root staffing, Simulation}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SCOR.2016.6

Model Validation and Testing in Simulation: a Literature Review

Authors: Naoum Tsioptsias, Antuela Tako, and Stewart Robinson

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 50, 5th Student Conference on Operational Research (SCOR 2016)

Abstract

Model validation is a key activity undertaken during the model development process in simulation. There is a large body of literature on model validation, albeit there exists little convergence in terms of the definitions, types of validity, and tests used. Yet it is not clear what standards should be taken into consideration to avoid developing what could be considered to be invalid or wrong models. In this paper we examine existing literature on model validation with the view to identifying the existing validation approaches and types of tests used to assess model validity. In this review we focus our attention on three domains that usually overlap in methods and techniques: general Operational Research (OR), Modelling & Simulation (M&S) and Computer Science (CS). We analyze each field to identify the aspects of validity considered including the tests used, the validation approach taken, i.e. the suggested level of validity achieved (if this applies) and the reported outcome. The analysis shows that there are common validation practices used in all three fields as well as new ideas that could be adopted in discrete event simulation. Some main points of concurrence include the lack of universal validation, the continuous need for validation, and, the indispensable need for modelers and users to work closely together during the model validation process. This review provides an initial categorization of literature on model validation which can in turn be used as a basis for future work in investigating how and to what extent models are considered sufficiently valid.

Cite as

Naoum Tsioptsias, Antuela Tako, and Stewart Robinson. Model Validation and Testing in Simulation: a Literature Review. In 5th Student Conference on Operational Research (SCOR 2016). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 50, pp. 6:1-6:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{tsioptsias_et_al:OASIcs.SCOR.2016.6,
  author =	{Tsioptsias, Naoum and Tako, Antuela and Robinson, Stewart},
  title =	{{Model Validation and Testing in Simulation: a Literature Review}},
  booktitle =	{5th Student Conference on Operational Research (SCOR 2016)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:11},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-004-0},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{50},
  editor =	{Hardy, Bradley and Qazi, Abroon and Ravizza, Stefan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SCOR.2016.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-65184},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SCOR.2016.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Validation, Simulation, Literature review, Types of validity, Field Comparisons}
}

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Simulation Combined Approach to Police Patrol Services Staffing

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Model Validation and Testing in Simulation: a Literature Review

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