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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.8
Mapping Cycling Experience in Valence-Arousal Space: A Geometric Approach to Appraisal Heterogeneity

Authors: Ayda Grisiute, Johanna Wörle, Panagiotis Mavros, and Martin Raubal

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 393, 17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026)

Abstract
In this paper, we argue that heterogeneity in experiential appraisals can function as an informative signal for subjective cycling experience. We introduce a geometric framework to characterize the "shape" of experiential appraisal within a two-dimensional affect space. Using data from a crowd-sourced survey, in which participants (N = 239) evaluated 30 first-person cycling video scenarios, we describe appraisal heterogeneity not only by its overall extent (dispersion), but also by its directional structure (anisotropy), bimodality (polarization), and the diversity of affective categories and environmental cues (entropy). Our findings reveal a structural asymmetry. Negative environments result in a rigid, more linear stress response, whereas positive environments allow for diffuse, multi-polar appraisals. We further find that observer experience modulates the magnitude of dispersion, whereas the direction of appraisal remains relatively stable across demographic subgroups. We propose that this approach can quantitatively distinguish between those environments that are consistently perceived as non-bikeable and those that evoke conflicting interpretations. Our methodology complements user-centric models, such as cycling archetypes, by describing the underlying structure of divergent experiences.
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Ayda Grisiute, Johanna Wörle, Panagiotis Mavros, and Martin Raubal. Mapping Cycling Experience in Valence-Arousal Space: A Geometric Approach to Appraisal Heterogeneity. In 17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 393, pp. 8:1-8:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2026)

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@InProceedings{grisiute_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.8,
  author =	{Grisiute, Ayda and W\"{o}rle, Johanna and Mavros, Panagiotis and Raubal, Martin},
  title =	{{Mapping Cycling Experience in Valence-Arousal Space: A Geometric Approach to Appraisal Heterogeneity}},
  booktitle =	{17th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2026)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-438-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2026},
  volume =	{393},
  editor =	{Timpf, Sabine and Filomena, Gabriele and Kapaj, Armand and Zhu, Rui and Giudice, Nicholas A. and Manley, Ed},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-275524},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2026.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: bike infrastructure, affect grid, inter-rater variability, online survey}
}

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