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Wayfinding Stages: The Role of Familiarity, Gaze Events, and Visual Attention

Authors Negar Alinaghi , Ioannis Giannopoulos

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Negar Alinaghi
  • Geoinformation, TU Wien, Austria
Ioannis Giannopoulos
  • Geoinformation, TU Wien, Austria

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Negar Alinaghi and Ioannis Giannopoulos. Wayfinding Stages: The Role of Familiarity, Gaze Events, and Visual Attention. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 1:1-1:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.1

Abstract

Understanding the cognitive processes involved in wayfinding is crucial for both theoretical advances and practical applications in navigation systems development. This study explores how gaze behavior and visual attention contribute to our understanding of cognitive states during wayfinding. Based on the model proposed by Downs and Stea, which segments wayfinding into four distinct stages: self-localization, route planning, monitoring, and goal recognition, we conducted an outdoor wayfinding experiment with 56 participants. Given the significant role of spatial familiarity in wayfinding behavior, each participant navigated six different routes in both familiar and unfamiliar environments, with their eye movements being recorded. We provide a detailed examination of participants' gaze behavior and the actual objects of focus. Our findings reveal distinct gaze behavior patterns and visual attention, differentiating wayfinding stages while emphasizing the impact of spatial familiarity. This examination of visual engagement during wayfinding explains adaptive cognitive processes, demonstrating how familiarity influences navigation strategies. The results enhance our theoretical understanding of wayfinding and offer practical insights for developing navigation aids capable of predicting different wayfinding stages.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Applied computing → Psychology
  • General and reference → Empirical studies
  • Computing methodologies → Interest point and salient region detections
  • Computing methodologies → Video segmentation
Keywords
  • Eye-tracking
  • Wayfinding
  • Spatial Familiarity
  • Visual Attention
  • Gaze Behavior

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