Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 315
16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)
-
Part of:
Series:
Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)
Conference: Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT)
Event
COSIT 2024, September 17-20, 2024, Québec City, CanadaEditors
Publication Details
- published at: 2024-09-09
- Publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
- ISBN: 978-3-95977-330-0
- DBLP: db/conf/cosit/cosit2024
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Document
Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 315, COSIT 2024, Complete Volume
Abstract
LIPIcs, Volume 315, COSIT 2024, Complete Volume
Cite as
16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 1-416, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@Proceedings{adams_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024,
title = {{LIPIcs, Volume 315, COSIT 2024, Complete Volume}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {1--416},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208148},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024},
annote = {Keywords: LIPIcs, Volume 315, COSIT 2024, Complete Volume}
}
Document
Front Matter
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Cite as
16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 0:i-0:xvi, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{adams_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.0,
author = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
title = {{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {0:i--0:xvi},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.0},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208157},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.0},
annote = {Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
Wayfinding Stages: The Role of Familiarity, Gaze Events, and Visual Attention
Abstract
Understanding the cognitive processes involved in wayfinding is crucial for both theoretical advances and practical applications in navigation systems development. This study explores how gaze behavior and visual attention contribute to our understanding of cognitive states during wayfinding. Based on the model proposed by Downs and Stea, which segments wayfinding into four distinct stages: self-localization, route planning, monitoring, and goal recognition, we conducted an outdoor wayfinding experiment with 56 participants. Given the significant role of spatial familiarity in wayfinding behavior, each participant navigated six different routes in both familiar and unfamiliar environments, with their eye movements being recorded. We provide a detailed examination of participants' gaze behavior and the actual objects of focus. Our findings reveal distinct gaze behavior patterns and visual attention, differentiating wayfinding stages while emphasizing the impact of spatial familiarity. This examination of visual engagement during wayfinding explains adaptive cognitive processes, demonstrating how familiarity influences navigation strategies. The results enhance our theoretical understanding of wayfinding and offer practical insights for developing navigation aids capable of predicting different wayfinding stages.
Cite as
Negar Alinaghi and Ioannis Giannopoulos. Wayfinding Stages: The Role of Familiarity, Gaze Events, and Visual Attention. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 1:1-1:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{alinaghi_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.1,
author = {Alinaghi, Negar and Giannopoulos, Ioannis},
title = {{Wayfinding Stages: The Role of Familiarity, Gaze Events, and Visual Attention}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {1:1--1:21},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.1},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208161},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.1},
annote = {Keywords: Eye-tracking, Wayfinding, Spatial Familiarity, Visual Attention, Gaze Behavior}
}
Document
A Salience-Based Framework for Terrain Modelling: From the Surface Network to Topo-Contexts
Abstract
Twenty years after Mark and Smith’s seminal paper, a Science of Topography, we revisit some of their fundamental questions about how landforms are recognised by people and how they can be automatically extracted or delimited from representations of topographic surfaces. Many approaches and tools, essentially based on GeoOBIA, can extract objects associated with landforms from image data. But, they cannot relate these objects to the topology and topography of the terrain. Yet, geo-scientists can easily recognise landforms, considering terrain characteristics and other factors composing the context of appearance of those landforms. Revisiting Gestalt Theory, we propose a salience-based approach fostering a holistic view of the terrain which fits with the geoscientists' ability to recognise landforms using the topographic and hydrologic contexts. The terrain is represented as an extended surface network (ESN), a graph composed of elementary saliences (peaks, pits, saddles, thalweg and ridge networks) and obtained from raster data. The ESN combines both the surface and the drainage networks in a sound topological representation of the terrain. A skeletonisation technique of the ESN’s thalweg and ridge networks is proposed to geometrically and topologically characterise landforms, as well as ensembles of landforms. On this basis and to represent the context of appearance of landforms, geo/topo-contexts are introduced as structures grounded in the properties of the ESN and using the skeletonisation technique. We give an illustration of how a geomorphologist can apply our approach and tools, using the depressions and drainage basins as examples of useful geo/topo-contexts.
Cite as
Éric Guilbert and Bernard Moulin. A Salience-Based Framework for Terrain Modelling: From the Surface Network to Topo-Contexts. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 2:1-2:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{guilbert_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.2,
author = {Guilbert, \'{E}ric and Moulin, Bernard},
title = {{A Salience-Based Framework for Terrain Modelling: From the Surface Network to Topo-Contexts}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {2:1--2:20},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.2},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208177},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.2},
annote = {Keywords: DTM, surface network, landform, topographic context, saliences}
}
Document
Can You Sketch in 3D? Exploring Perceived Feasibility and Use Cases of 3D Sketch Mapping
Abstract
Sketch mapping is a research technique that has been widely used to study what people think about the spatial layout of an environment. One of the limitations of the current practice of sketch mapping is that the interface (a pen on paper or digital tablets) forces people to draw on 2D surfaces even when the information to be represented is 3D. For the purpose of studying the 3D aspect of spatial understanding, the recent advancements in extended reality (XR) technologies including virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality are interesting as they provide novel ways to create 3D sketches. In this paper, we investigate how the concept of 3D sketch mapping using XR is perceived by users and explore its potential feasibility and use cases. For this, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 participants from three domains: aviation, architecture, and wayfinding. Our findings show that the concept is well-perceived as an intuitive way to externalize the 3D aspect of spatial information, and it has the potential to be a research tool for human cognition research as well as a practical tool that can provide added value in different professional activities.
Cite as
Kevin Gonyop Kim, Tiffany C.K. Kwok, Sailin Zhong, Peter Kiefer, and Martin Raubal. Can You Sketch in 3D? Exploring Perceived Feasibility and Use Cases of 3D Sketch Mapping. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 3:1-3:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{kim_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.3,
author = {Kim, Kevin Gonyop and Kwok, Tiffany C.K. and Zhong, Sailin and Kiefer, Peter and Raubal, Martin},
title = {{Can You Sketch in 3D? Exploring Perceived Feasibility and Use Cases of 3D Sketch Mapping}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {3:1--3:17},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.3},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208186},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.3},
annote = {Keywords: Sketch maps, spatial understanding, 3D sketching, extended reality, use cases, interviews}
}
Document
Qualitative Formalization of a Curve on a Two-Dimensional Plane
Abstract
We propose a theoretical framework for qualitative spatial representation and reasoning about curves on a two-dimensional plane. We regard a curve as a sequence of segments, each of which has its own direction and convexity, and give a symbolic expression to it. We propose a reasoning method on this symbolic expression; when only a few segments of a curve are visible, we find missing segments by connecting them to create a global smooth continuous curve. In addition, we discuss whether the shape of the created curve can represent that of a real object; if the curve forms a spiral, such a curve is sometimes not appropriate as a border of an object. We show a method that judges the appropriateness of a curve, by considering the orientations of the segments.
Cite as
Kazuko Takahashi. Qualitative Formalization of a Curve on a Two-Dimensional Plane. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 4:1-4:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{takahashi:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.4,
author = {Takahashi, Kazuko},
title = {{Qualitative Formalization of a Curve on a Two-Dimensional Plane}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {4:1--4:19},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.4},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208193},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.4},
annote = {Keywords: qualitative spatial reasoning, knowledge representation, logical reasoning, shape information}
}
Document
Spatial Nudging: Converging Persuasive Technologies, Spatial Design, and Behavioral Theories
Abstract
This paper presents the Spatial Nudging framework - a theory-based framework that maps out nudging strategies in the mobility domain and refines its existing definitions. We link these strategies by highlighting the role of perceived affordances across physical and digital interventions based on the Nudge Theory and the Theory of Affordances. Furthermore, we propose to use graph representation techniques as a supportive methodology to better align perceived and actual environments, thereby enhancing the intervention strategies' effectiveness. We illustrate the applicability of the Spatial Nudging framework and the supportive methodology in the context of an E-bike City vision. This paper lays the foundation for future research on theoretically integrating physical and digital interventions to promote sustainable mobility.
Cite as
Ayda Grisiute and Martin Raubal. Spatial Nudging: Converging Persuasive Technologies, Spatial Design, and Behavioral Theories. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 5:1-5:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{grisiute_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.5,
author = {Grisiute, Ayda and Raubal, Martin},
title = {{Spatial Nudging: Converging Persuasive Technologies, Spatial Design, and Behavioral Theories}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {5:1--5:19},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.5},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208206},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.5},
annote = {Keywords: spatial nudging, active mobility, Nudge Theory, Theory of Affordances, cognitive graphs}
}
Document
Is Familiarity Reflected in the Spatial Knowledge Revealed by Sketch Maps?
Abstract
Despite the frequent use of sketch maps in assessing environmental knowledge, it remains unclear how and to what degree familiarity impacts sketch map content. In the present study, we assess whether different levels of familiarity relate to differences in the content and spatial accuracy of environmental knowledge depicted in sketch maps drawn for the purpose of route instructions. To this end, we conduct a real-world wayfinding study with 91 participants, all of whom have to walk along a pre-defined route of approximately 2.3km length. Prior to the walk, we collect self-report familiarity ratings from participants for both a set of 15 landmarks and a set of areas we define as hexagons along the route. Once participants finished walking the route, they were asked to sketch a map of the route, specifically a sketch that would enable a person who had never walked the route to follow it. We found that participants unfamiliar with the areas along the route sketched fewer features than familiar people did. Contrary to our expectations, however, we found that landmarks were sketched or not regardless of participants' level of familiarity with the landmarks. We were also surprised that the level of familiarity was not correlated to the accuracy of the sketched order of features along the route, of the position of sketched features in relation to the route, nor to the metric locational accuracy of feature placement on the sketches. These results lead us to conclude that different aspects of feature salience influence whether the features are included on sketch maps, independent of familiarity. They also point to the influence of task context on the content of sketch maps, again independent of familiarity. We propose further studies to more fully explore these ideas.
Cite as
Markus Kattenbeck, Daniel R. Montello, Martin Raubal, and Ioannis Giannopoulos. Is Familiarity Reflected in the Spatial Knowledge Revealed by Sketch Maps?. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 6:1-6:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{kattenbeck_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.6,
author = {Kattenbeck, Markus and Montello, Daniel R. and Raubal, Martin and Giannopoulos, Ioannis},
title = {{Is Familiarity Reflected in the Spatial Knowledge Revealed by Sketch Maps?}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {6:1--6:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.6},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208215},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.6},
annote = {Keywords: Familiarity, Spatial Knowledge, Sketch Maps}
}
Document
What Is a Spatio-Temporal Model Good For?: Validity as a Function of Purpose and the Questions Answered by a Model
Abstract
The concept of validity is a cornerstone of science. Given this central role, it is somewhat surprising to find that validity remains a rather obscure concept. Unfortunately, the term is often reduced to a matter of ground truth data, seemingly because we fail to come to grips with it. In this paper, instead, we take a purpose-based approach to the validity of spatio-temporal models. We argue that a model application is valid only if the model delivers an answer to a particular spatio-temporal question specifying some experiment including spatio-temporal controls and measures. Such questions constitute the information purposes of models, forming an intermediate layer in a pragmatic knowledge pyramid with corresponding levels of validity. We introduce a corresponding question-based grammar that allows us to formally distinguish among contemporary inference, prediction, retrodiction, projection, and retrojection models. We apply the grammar to corresponding examples and discuss the possibilities for validating such models as a means to a given end.
Cite as
Simon Scheider and Judith A. Verstegen. What Is a Spatio-Temporal Model Good For?: Validity as a Function of Purpose and the Questions Answered by a Model. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 7:1-7:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{scheider_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.7,
author = {Scheider, Simon and Verstegen, Judith A.},
title = {{What Is a Spatio-Temporal Model Good For?: Validity as a Function of Purpose and the Questions Answered by a Model}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {7:1--7:23},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.7},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208225},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.7},
annote = {Keywords: validity, fitness-for-purpose, spatio-temporal modeling, pragmatics, question grammar}
}
Document
Scalable Harmonious Simplification of Isolines
Abstract
Isolines visually characterize scalar fields by connecting all points of the same value by a closed curve at repeated intervals. They work only as a set which gives the viewer an indication of the shape of the underlying field. Hence, when simplifying isolines it is important that the correspondence - the harmony - between adjacent isolines is preserved whenever it is present. The majority of state-of-the-art simplification methods treat isolines independently; at best they avoid collisions between adjacent simplified isolines. A notable exception is the work by Van Goethem et al. (2021) who were the first to introduce the concept of harmony between adjacent isolines explicitly as an algorithmic design principle. They presented a proof-of-concept algorithm that harmoniously simplifies a sequence of polylines. However, the sets of isolines of scalar fields, most notably terrain, consist of closed curves which are nested in arbitrarily complex ways and not of an ordered sequence of polylines. In this paper we significantly extend the work by Van Goethem et al. (2021) to capture harmony in general sets of isolines. Our new simplification algorithm can handle sets of isolines describing arbitrary scalar fields and is more efficient, allowing us to harmoniously simplify terrain with hundreds of thousands of vertices. We experimentally compare our method to the results of Van Goethem et al. (2021) on bundles of isolines and to general simplification methods on isolines extracted from DEMs of Antartica. Our results indicate that our method efficiently preserves the harmony in the simplified maps, which are thereby less noisy, cartographically more meaningful, and easier to read.
Cite as
Steven van den Broek, Wouter Meulemans, Andreas Reimer, and Bettina Speckmann. Scalable Harmonious Simplification of Isolines. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 8:1-8:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{vandenbroek_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.8,
author = {van den Broek, Steven and Meulemans, Wouter and Reimer, Andreas and Speckmann, Bettina},
title = {{Scalable Harmonious Simplification of Isolines}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {8:1--8:20},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.8},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208230},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.8},
annote = {Keywords: Simplification, isolines, harmony}
}
Document
Probing the Information Theoretical Roots of Spatial Dependence Measures
Abstract
Intuitively, there is a relation between measures of spatial dependence and information theoretical measures of entropy. For instance, we can provide an intuition of why spatial data is special by stating that, on average, spatial data samples contain less than expected information. Similarly, spatial data, e.g., remotely sensed imagery, that is easy to compress is also likely to show significant spatial autocorrelation. Formulating our (highly specific) core concepts of spatial information theory in the widely used language of information theory opens new perspectives on their differences and similarities and also fosters cross-disciplinary collaboration, e.g., with the broader AI/ML communities. Interestingly, however, this intuitive relation is challenging to formalize and generalize, leading prior work to rely mostly on experimental results, e.g., for describing landscape patterns. In this work, we will explore the information theoretical roots of spatial autocorrelation, more specifically Moran’s I, through the lens of self-information (also known as surprisal) and provide both formal proofs and experiments.
Cite as
Zhangyu Wang, Krzysztof Janowicz, Gengchen Mai, and Ivan Majic. Probing the Information Theoretical Roots of Spatial Dependence Measures. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 9:1-9:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{wang_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.9,
author = {Wang, Zhangyu and Janowicz, Krzysztof and Mai, Gengchen and Majic, Ivan},
title = {{Probing the Information Theoretical Roots of Spatial Dependence Measures}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {9:1--9:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.9},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208247},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.9},
annote = {Keywords: Spatial Autocorrelation, Moran’s I, Information Theory, Surprisal, Self-Information}
}
Document
Revealing Differences in Public Transport Share Through District-Wise Comparison and Relating Them to Network Properties
Abstract
Sustainable transport is becoming an increasingly pressing issue, with two major pillars being the reduction of car usage and the promotion of public transport. One way to approach both of these pillars is through the large number of daily commute trips in urban areas, and their modal split. Previous research gathered knowledge on influencing factors on the modal split mainly through travel surveys. We take a different approach by analysing the "raw" network and the time-optimised trips on a multi-modal graph. For the case study of Vienna, Austria we investigate how the option to use a private car influences the modal split of routes towards the city centre. Additionally, we compare the modal split across seven inner districts and we relate properties of the public transport network to the respective share of public transport. The results suggest that different districts have varying options of public transport connections towards the city centre, with a share of public transport between about 5% up to a share of 45%. This reveals areas where investments in public transport could reduce commute times to the city centre. Regarding network properties, our findings suggest, that it is not sufficient to analyse the joint public transport network. Instead, individual public transport modalities should be examined. We show that the network length and the direction of the lines towards the city centre influence the proportion of subway and tram in the modal split.
Cite as
Manuela Canestrini, Ioanna Gogousou, Dimitrios Michail, and Ioannis Giannopoulos. Revealing Differences in Public Transport Share Through District-Wise Comparison and Relating Them to Network Properties. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 10:1-10:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{canestrini_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.10,
author = {Canestrini, Manuela and Gogousou, Ioanna and Michail, Dimitrios and Giannopoulos, Ioannis},
title = {{Revealing Differences in Public Transport Share Through District-Wise Comparison and Relating Them to Network Properties}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {10:1--10:18},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.10},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208255},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.10},
annote = {Keywords: Mobility, Modal Split, Transportation Networks}
}
Document
Semantic Perspectives on the Lake District Writing: Spatial Ontology Modeling and Relation Extraction for Deeper Insights
Abstract
Extracting spatial details from historical texts can be difficult, hindering our understanding of past landscapes. The study addresses this challenge by analyzing the Corpus of the Lake District Writing, focusing on the English Lake District region. We systematically link the theoretical notions from the core concepts of spatial information to provide basis for the problem domain. The conceptual foundation is further complemented with a spatial ontology and a custom gazetteer, allowing a formal and insightful semantic exploration of the massive unstructured corpus. The other contrasting side of the framework is the usage of LLMs for spatial relation extraction. We formulate prompts leveraging understanding of the LLMs of the intended task, curate a list of spatial relations representing the most recurring proximity or vicinity relations terms and extract semantic triples for the top five place names appearing in the corpus. We compare the extraction capabilities of three benchmark LLMs for a scholarly significant historical archive, representing their potential in a challenging and interdisciplinary research problem. Finally, the network comprising the semantic triples is enhanced by incorporating a gazetteer-based classification of the objects involved thus improving their spatial profiling.
Cite as
Erum Haris, Anthony G. Cohn, and John G. Stell. Semantic Perspectives on the Lake District Writing: Spatial Ontology Modeling and Relation Extraction for Deeper Insights. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 11:1-11:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{haris_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.11,
author = {Haris, Erum and Cohn, Anthony G. and Stell, John G.},
title = {{Semantic Perspectives on the Lake District Writing: Spatial Ontology Modeling and Relation Extraction for Deeper Insights}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {11:1--11:20},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.11},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208268},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.11},
annote = {Keywords: spatial humanities, spatial narratives, ontology, large language models}
}
Document
Short Paper
Exploring Discrete Spatial Heterogeneity Across Quantiles: A Combination Approach of Generalized Lasso and Conditional Quantile Regression (Short Paper)
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity has been investigated extensively. However, in addition to spatial heterogeneity, there are spatial phenomena where heterogeneity in the data generation process exists across quantiles. This study proposes a new method that combines generalized lasso (GL) and conditional quantile regression (CQR) to analyze discrete spatial heterogeneity across quantiles. GL enables the identification of spatial boundaries where the spatial data generation process varies discretely, and CQR estimates the parameters of the conditional quantile of the dependent variable. The proposed method is expressed as a linear programming problem and is simple to use. To validate its effectiveness, we applied this method to apartment rent data in Minato Ward, Tokyo. The results revealed that the neighborhoods where rent levels deviated from the overall trend in the analyzed area differed by quantiles.
Cite as
Ryo Inoue and Kenya Aoki. Exploring Discrete Spatial Heterogeneity Across Quantiles: A Combination Approach of Generalized Lasso and Conditional Quantile Regression (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 12:1-12:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{inoue_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.12,
author = {Inoue, Ryo and Aoki, Kenya},
title = {{Exploring Discrete Spatial Heterogeneity Across Quantiles: A Combination Approach of Generalized Lasso and Conditional Quantile Regression}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {12:1--12:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.12},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208272},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.12},
annote = {Keywords: discrete spatial heterogeneity, generalized lasso, conditional quantile regression}
}
Document
Short Paper
Long-Term Landmark and Route Memory Retention Acquired in a Real-World Map-Aided Navigation Task (Short Paper)
Abstract
The visualization of landmarks in mobile maps has become a popular countermeasure to the negative effect navigation aids have on spatial learning. Landmarks are salient environmental cues that serve as cognitive anchors during navigation, facilitating spatial memory formation and long-term retention. However, longitudinal studies assessing long-term spatial memory retention acquired during mobile map-assisted navigation in the real world and what role visualized landmarks play in this context are still scarce. We report on a longitudinal study to assess long-term spatial memory retention of wayfinders who, two years prior, navigated only once a real-world route prescribed with a mobile map aid enriched with visually salient task-relevant landmarks. We report preliminary results on their long-term memory retention of acquired landmark and route knowledge. We found that participants retained meaningful long-term landmark and route knowledge over the two-year study period. While landmark knowledge decreased over the test-retest sessions, gained route knowledge was unaffected. These ecologically valid results contribute to a better understanding of spatial memory formation and long-term retention after one route exposure through a real-world environment, aided by a mobile map enriched with salient landmarks.
Cite as
Armand Kapaj, Christopher Hilton, and Sara I. Fabrikant. Long-Term Landmark and Route Memory Retention Acquired in a Real-World Map-Aided Navigation Task (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 13:1-13:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{kapaj_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.13,
author = {Kapaj, Armand and Hilton, Christopher and Fabrikant, Sara I.},
title = {{Long-Term Landmark and Route Memory Retention Acquired in a Real-World Map-Aided Navigation Task}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {13:1--13:9},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.13},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208281},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.13},
annote = {Keywords: Long-term, spatial memory, retention, map-aided, real-world navigation}
}
Document
Short Paper
How Do People Parse Dynamic Maps? Insights from Event Segmentation Experiments (Short Paper)
Abstract
Dynamic thematic maps can visualize spatiotemporal phenomena but have been found to be perceptually and cognitively challenging for users. The cognitive process of event segmentation describes how people parse the complex and continuous experiences of everyday life into discrete events, facilitating further processing. This research explores how segmentation processes impact the perception of dynamic thematic maps. Specifically, we investigate if conceptual and perceptual influences on segmentation generalize to depictions of spatiotemporal data on dynamic maps. In two within-subjects experiments, participants (N = 125, 176) segmented 32 maps displaying insect population densities over time. We manipulated participants’ expectations of the trend in population density and the salience of the direction of the trend. The results show that viewers' expectations, as well as change salience (both through color scale and spatial pattern of change), impact how similarly participants place event boundaries. Our research on the interindividually shared processing of dynamic map data extends key event segmentation findings to the field of spatial cognition. At the same time, it takes a step towards researching design measures for facilitating the processing of dynamic maps rooted in cognitive theories.
Cite as
Reena Pauly and Stephan Schwan. How Do People Parse Dynamic Maps? Insights from Event Segmentation Experiments (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 14:1-14:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{pauly_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.14,
author = {Pauly, Reena and Schwan, Stephan},
title = {{How Do People Parse Dynamic Maps? Insights from Event Segmentation Experiments}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {14:1--14:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.14},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208297},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.14},
annote = {Keywords: cognitive-behavioral geography, spatial cognition, event segmentation}
}
Document
Short Paper
Exploring the Relation Between Sense of Direction and Spatial Anxiety in Everyday Mobile Map App Use (Short Paper)
Abstract
Many studies have examined the effect of GPS reliance on individual spatial abilities and emotional disposition. Yet, how those individual differences relate to everyday mobile map interactions in the wild is poorly understood. Hence, we empirically studied the effect of users' sense of direction and spatial anxiety using mobile map apps in their everyday lives by deploying an ecologically valid approach to recording phone-based touchscreen interaction. We operationalised touchscreen interactions as switching patterns for mobile maps and other app categories. We hypothesised that users with a better sense of direction would spend less time on mobile map apps and show increased switching patterns between mobile map apps and other apps compared to users with a worse sense of direction. Conversely, users with higher levels of spatial anxiety would spend more time on mobile map apps and show decreased switching patterns. Our results contradicted our hypotheses. We did, however, find gender-specific trends: Women with higher spatial anxiety switch more often from different categories of apps (for all apps, not specifically map apps) in a phone session. Contrary to our hypothesis, men with a better sense of direction tend to spend more time on mobile map apps. This research reveals insights into the effect of users' spatial abilities and emotional dispositions on everyday users' touchscreen interactions with mobile map apps. It provides ground for mobile map app interaction design on accounting for individual-related differences.
Cite as
Donatella Zingaro, Tumasch Reichenbacher, Mona Bartling, and Sara Irina Fabrikant. Exploring the Relation Between Sense of Direction and Spatial Anxiety in Everyday Mobile Map App Use (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 15:1-15:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{zingaro_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.15,
author = {Zingaro, Donatella and Reichenbacher, Tumasch and Bartling, Mona and Fabrikant, Sara Irina},
title = {{Exploring the Relation Between Sense of Direction and Spatial Anxiety in Everyday Mobile Map App Use}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {15:1--15:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.15},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208300},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.15},
annote = {Keywords: mobile map apps, sense of direction, spatial anxiety, app-switching, navigation, touchscreen interactions}
}
Document
Short Paper
Four Arguments Why Places and Information About Places Are Inextricably Interwoven (Short Paper)
Abstract
Research on information about places can often practically not be clearly demarcated from research on the places themselves. This is not a problem itself but raises the question of how geographical information science and human geography mutually relate. This paper discusses four arguments as to why places and information about them are inextricably interwoven in many cases. The difficulty in finding a demarcation between the two lines of research is thus not due to a lack of academic engagement with these topics but rather due to the subject matter itself. Consequently, research on the role of information in the context of places is indispensable for the study of places themselves. This raises the question again as to whether the separation of geographical information science and geography, as they are currently lived by distinctly different communities of practice, is justified.
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Franz-Benjamin Mocnik. Four Arguments Why Places and Information About Places Are Inextricably Interwoven (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 16:1-16:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{mocnik:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.16,
author = {Mocnik, Franz-Benjamin},
title = {{Four Arguments Why Places and Information About Places Are Inextricably Interwoven}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {16:1--16:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.16},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208317},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.16},
annote = {Keywords: place, place-making, representation, information, communication}
}
Document
Short Paper
A Logic of East and West for Intervals (Short Paper)
Abstract
This paper proposes a logic of east and west for intervals (LEWI), which extends the logic of east and west for points. For intervals in 1D Euclidean space, the logic LEWI formalises the qualitative direction relations "east", "west", "definitely east", "definitely west", "partially east", "partially west", etc. To cope with imprecision in geometry representations, the logic LEWI is parameterized by a margin of error σ ∈ ℝ_{> 0} and a level of indeterminacy in directions τ ∈ ℕ_{> 1}. For every τ, we provide an axiomatisation of the logic LEWI, and prove that it is sound and complete with respect to 1D Euclidean space.
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Zekai Li, Amin Farjudian, and Heshan Du. A Logic of East and West for Intervals (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 17:1-17:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{li_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.17,
author = {Li, Zekai and Farjudian, Amin and Du, Heshan},
title = {{A Logic of East and West for Intervals}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {17:1--17:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.17},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208320},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.17},
annote = {Keywords: Qualitative Spatial Logic, Soundness, Completeness}
}
Document
Short Paper
Inferring the Origin of Linguistic Features from an Atlas: A Case Study of Swiss-German Dialects. (Short Paper)
Abstract
A linguistic atlas is a set of maps which visualize the geographical variation of linguistic features in a single language. We present a novel model for Bayesian statistics which infers when and where the variants of a linguistic feature were invented based on the geographical distribution shown in a linguistic atlas. Based on a spatial network representing the rate of diffusion between locations, our model evaluates the probability (likelihood) that the observed geographical pattern is realized by considering the genealogical relationship between variants at different locations. We apply our model to a linguistic atlas of Swiss-German dialects and infer the origin of three forms of the High-German word "nein" meaning "no".
Cite as
Takuya Takahashi, Elvira Glaser, and Peter Ranacher. Inferring the Origin of Linguistic Features from an Atlas: A Case Study of Swiss-German Dialects. (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 18:1-18:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{takahashi_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.18,
author = {Takahashi, Takuya and Glaser, Elvira and Ranacher, Peter},
title = {{Inferring the Origin of Linguistic Features from an Atlas: A Case Study of Swiss-German Dialects.}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {18:1--18:9},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.18},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208331},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.18},
annote = {Keywords: Dialectology, Linguistic geography, Geographic information science, Bayesian inference}
}
Document
Short Paper
The Senators Problem: A Design Space of Node Placement Methods for Geospatial Network Visualization (Short Paper)
Abstract
Geographic network visualizations often require assigning nodes to geographic coordinates, but this can be challenging when precise node locations are undefined. We explore this problem using U.S. senators as a case study. Each state has two senators, and thus it is difficult to assign clear individual locations. We devise eight different node placement strategies ranging from geometric approaches such as state centroids and longest axis midpoints to data-driven methods using population centers and home office locations. Through expert evaluation, we found that specific coordinates such as senators’ office locations and state centroids are preferred strategies, while random placements and the longest axis method are least favored. The findings also highlight the importance of aligning node placement with research goals and avoiding potentially misleading encodings. This paper contributes to future advancements in geospatial network visualization software development and aims to facilitate more effective exploratory spatial data analysis.
Cite as
Arnav Mardia, Sichen Jin, Kathleen M. Carley, Yu-Ru Lin, Zachary P. Neal, Patrick Park, and Clio Andris. The Senators Problem: A Design Space of Node Placement Methods for Geospatial Network Visualization (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 19:1-19:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{mardia_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.19,
author = {Mardia, Arnav and Jin, Sichen and Carley, Kathleen M. and Lin, Yu-Ru and Neal, Zachary P. and Park, Patrick and Andris, Clio},
title = {{The Senators Problem: A Design Space of Node Placement Methods for Geospatial Network Visualization}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {19:1--19:9},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.19},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208346},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.19},
annote = {Keywords: Spatial networks, Political networks, Social networks, Geovisualization, Node placement}
}
Document
Short Paper
The Role of Gaze and the Semantics of Demonstratives in Referent Selection (Short Paper)
Abstract
Demonstratives (this/that) situate objects in space with the aid of gestures and a proximal-distal contrast. However, it is unclear how these cues interact to aid the listener in referent selection. The current paper presents a referent selection task where listeners choose an object out of a group of objects based on a physical and verbal cue provided by a speaker. Results indicate that listeners are sensitive to a variety of cues, but only integrate the minimum amount of information necessary for referent selection, with physical cues being prioritized over the semantic contributions of the demonstrative.
Cite as
Crystal H. Y. Chen, Lyn Tieu, and Ana T. Pérez-Leroux. The Role of Gaze and the Semantics of Demonstratives in Referent Selection (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 20:1-20:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{chen_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.20,
author = {Chen, Crystal H. Y. and Tieu, Lyn and P\'{e}rez-Leroux, Ana T.},
title = {{The Role of Gaze and the Semantics of Demonstratives in Referent Selection}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {20:1--20:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.20},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208352},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.20},
annote = {Keywords: Demonstratives, spatial language, proximal-distal contrast, referent distance, joint attention coordination, gesture, deixis, referent selection, experimental semantics}
}
Document
Short Paper
An Ontology and Geospatial Knowledge Graph for Reasoning About Cascading Failures (Short Paper)
Abstract
During a natural disaster such as flooding, the failure of a single asset in the complex and interconnected web of critical urban infrastructure can trigger a cascade of failures within and across multiple systems with potentially life-threatening consequences. To help emergency management effectively and efficiently assess such failures, we design the Utility Connection Ontology Design Pattern to represent utility services and model connections within and across those services. The pattern is encoded as an OWL ontology and instantiated with utility data in a geospatial knowledge graph. We demonstrate how it facilitates reasoning to identify cascading service failures due to flooding for producing maps and other summaries for situational awareness.
Cite as
Torsten Hahmann and David K. Kedrowski. An Ontology and Geospatial Knowledge Graph for Reasoning About Cascading Failures (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 21:1-21:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{hahmann_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.21,
author = {Hahmann, Torsten and Kedrowski, David K.},
title = {{An Ontology and Geospatial Knowledge Graph for Reasoning About Cascading Failures}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {21:1--21:9},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.21},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208364},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.21},
annote = {Keywords: knowledge graph, ontology, OWL, spatial reasoning, cascading failures, urban infrastructure}
}
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Short Paper
Navigation Challenges in Urban Areas for Persons with Mobility Restrictions (Short Paper)
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promote making the world better for everyone, with a focus on creating cities that are inclusive and sustainable, as outlined in SDG 11. Spatial accessibility plays a pivotal role in fostering age-friendly and inclusive urban environments. However, there is still a lack of complete data on accessibility essential for providing mobility services to individuals with restricted mobility, mainly due to the high costs. While some participatory initiatives like OpenStreetMap (OSM) have made progress in this area, there is still a significant gap in data about sidewalk accessibility.
To address this gap, we used a citizen science approach to gather information and improve our understanding of sidewalk accessibility in District 1 of Zurich. Eighteen individuals from diverse population groups took part in our study. Using the Project Sidewalk web tool (PRSW), participants collected sidewalk features like curb ramps and surface problems by virtually inspecting street view images.
In this paper, we present preliminary results derived from participatory data collection. The findings show the variances in accessibility labels concerning their frequency, spatial distribution, and severity levels attributed by participants. Furthermore, we provide insights into the accuracy of the data, verified through validation by experts in geographical knowledge using PRSW.
Our approach allowed for broader participation and diverse perspectives in collecting sidewalk accessibility data. We believe that the provided dataset has the potential to address unanswered questions about spatial accessibility. For instance, the distribution of accessibility within specific population groups or across a city can be explored. This information can help policymakers develop interventions that tackle accessibility inequalities and ensure equitable access, especially for those with mobility impairments.
Cite as
Hoda Allahbakhshi and Annina Ardüser. Navigation Challenges in Urban Areas for Persons with Mobility Restrictions (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 22:1-22:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{allahbakhshi_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.22,
author = {Allahbakhshi, Hoda and Ard\"{u}ser, Annina},
title = {{Navigation Challenges in Urban Areas for Persons with Mobility Restrictions}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {22:1--22:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.22},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208378},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.22},
annote = {Keywords: Navigation, Mobility-restrictions, Inclusive mobility, Spatial accessibility, Citizen science}
}
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Short Paper
Towards Formalizing Concept Drift and Its Variants: A Case Study Using Past COSIT Proceedings (Short Paper)
Abstract
In the classic Philosophical Investigations, Ludwig Wittgenstein suggests that the meaning of words is rooted in their use in ordinary language, challenging the idea of fixed rules determining the meaning of words. Likewise, we believe that the meaning of keywords and concepts in academic papers is shaped by their usage within the articles and evolves as research progresses. For example, the terms natural hazards and natural disasters were once used interchangeably, but this is rarely the case today. When searching for archived documents, such as those related to disaster relief, choosing the appropriate keyword is crucial and requires a deeper understanding of the historical context. To improve interoperability and promote reusability from a Research Data Management (RDM) perspective, we examine the dynamic nature of concepts, providing formal definitions of concept drift and its variants. By employing a case study of past COSIT (Conference on Spatial Information Theory) proceedings to support these definitions, we argue that a quantitative formalization can help systematically detect subsequent changes and enhance the overall interpretation of concepts.
Cite as
Meilin Shi, Krzysztof Janowicz, Zilong Liu, and Kitty Currier. Towards Formalizing Concept Drift and Its Variants: A Case Study Using Past COSIT Proceedings (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 23:1-23:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{shi_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.23,
author = {Shi, Meilin and Janowicz, Krzysztof and Liu, Zilong and Currier, Kitty},
title = {{Towards Formalizing Concept Drift and Its Variants: A Case Study Using Past COSIT Proceedings}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {23:1--23:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.23},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208386},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.23},
annote = {Keywords: Concept Drift, Semantic Aging, Research Data Management}
}
Document
Short Paper
Towards a General Framework for Co-Location (Short Paper)
Abstract
Previous studies into co-location exist in a variety of fields such as epidemiology and human mobility. In each field, researchers are interested identifying points of co-location amongst members of a population. In each of these fields, however, the definition of what it means for members of the population to be co-located may differ; furthermore, the ways in which data are collected vary. This piece of work aims to provide an initial outline of a general framework for identifying points of co-location. It demonstrates that the identification of co-location points between individuals is sensitive to the way in which co-location is defined in each context, as well as the types of data used. Furthermore, it highlights the impact that uncertainty in observations can have on our ability to reliably identify co-location.
Cite as
Keiran Suchak and Ed Manley. Towards a General Framework for Co-Location (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 24:1-24:10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{suchak_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.24,
author = {Suchak, Keiran and Manley, Ed},
title = {{Towards a General Framework for Co-Location}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {24:1--24:10},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.24},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208391},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.24},
annote = {Keywords: human mobility, co-location, contact tracing}
}
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Short Paper
Towards Statistically Significant Taxonomy Aware Co-Location Pattern Detection (Short Paper)
Abstract
Given a collection of Boolean spatial feature types, their instances, a neighborhood relation (e.g., proximity), and a hierarchical taxonomy of the feature types, the goal is to find the subsets of feature types or their parents whose spatial interaction is statistically significant. This problem is for taxonomy-reliant applications such as ecology (e.g., finding new symbiotic relationships across the food chain), spatial pathology (e.g., immunotherapy for cancer), retail, etc. The problem is computationally challenging due to the exponential number of candidate co-location patterns generated by the taxonomy. Most approaches for co-location pattern detection overlook the hierarchical relationships among spatial features, and the statistical significance of the detected patterns is not always considered, leading to potential false discoveries. This paper introduces two methods for incorporating taxonomies and assessing the statistical significance of co-location patterns. The baseline approach iteratively checks the significance of co-locations between leaf nodes or their ancestors in the taxonomy. Using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, an advanced approach is proposed to control the false discovery rate. This approach effectively reduces the risk of false discoveries while maintaining the power to detect true co-location patterns. Experimental evaluation and case study results show the effectiveness of the approach.
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Subhankar Ghosh, Arun Sharma, Jayant Gupta, and Shashi Shekhar. Towards Statistically Significant Taxonomy Aware Co-Location Pattern Detection (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 25:1-25:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{ghosh_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.25,
author = {Ghosh, Subhankar and Sharma, Arun and Gupta, Jayant and Shekhar, Shashi},
title = {{Towards Statistically Significant Taxonomy Aware Co-Location Pattern Detection}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {25:1--25:11},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.25},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208404},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.25},
annote = {Keywords: Co-location patterns, spatial data mining, taxonomy, hierarchy, statistical significance, false discovery rate, family-wise error rate}
}
Document
Short Paper
Comparisons of Chicago Neighborhood Boundaries from Crowdsourced Resident Drawings (Short Paper)
Abstract
The idea of the urban neighborhood has long been of interest to residents, planners, and scholars. We describe a project focused on Chicago neighborhood mapping and pose related questions about the analysis of crowdsourced neighborhood boundary drawings. To gain insight into Chicago residents’ cognitive maps and the relationship between those internal representations and existing administrative boundaries, the authors launched the Chicago Neighborhood Project (CNP), which invited Chicago residents to draw their own and other neighborhoods within the city using an online mapping interface. The goal of CNP is to examine variation in how neighborhoods are defined by residents and use that variation to inform how policymakers, planners, and researchers create, implement, and measure place-based policies. Because the project had a goal of collecting a large sample of neighborhood map drawings, the project took a crowdsourced approach, recruiting responses via email to community groups, social media, targeted web advertisements, flyering, collaborations with news media, and word of mouth. This paper describes our data collection methodology, resulting in over 5,000 responses, as well as decisions related to initial data cleaning and analysis. We present early findings from the project in relation to understanding Chicago residents' cognitive boundaries of the "neighborhood."
TL;DR: We present preliminary results of the Chicago Neighborhood Project (CNP), which collected over 5,000 drawings of neighborhood areas from residents, making it the largest such effort to elicit an understanding of neighborhood regions in Chicago.
Cite as
Crystal J. Bae, Lydia Wileden, and Emily Talen. Comparisons of Chicago Neighborhood Boundaries from Crowdsourced Resident Drawings (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 26:1-26:10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{bae_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.26,
author = {Bae, Crystal J. and Wileden, Lydia and Talen, Emily},
title = {{Comparisons of Chicago Neighborhood Boundaries from Crowdsourced Resident Drawings}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {26:1--26:10},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.26},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208419},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.26},
annote = {Keywords: cognitive regions, urban neighborhoods, boundary mapping, sketch mapping}
}
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Short Paper
Formalizing a Unique Space-Time Grammatical Mapping in a North American Indigenous Language Family (Short Paper)
Abstract
The Na-Dene language family uses a system of verbal prefixes to indicate spatial orientation. This same system is generalized to express aspectual (temporal) meaning. I formalize the semantics of these prefixes as they relate to both time and space, arguing that this line of inquiry is a useful basis for interdiscplinary cognitive science focusing on the intersection of spatial and linguistic cognition.
Cite as
Zahur Ashrafuzzaman. Formalizing a Unique Space-Time Grammatical Mapping in a North American Indigenous Language Family (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 27:1-27:10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{ashrafuzzaman:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.27,
author = {Ashrafuzzaman, Zahur},
title = {{Formalizing a Unique Space-Time Grammatical Mapping in a North American Indigenous Language Family}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {27:1--27:10},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.27},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208424},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.27},
annote = {Keywords: linguistics, syntax, semantics, cognitive science, spatial cognition, Indigenous language, time, temporal, mapping}
}
Document
Short Paper
Evaluating the Ability of Large Language Models to Reason About Cardinal Directions (Short Paper)
Abstract
We investigate the abilities of a representative set of Large language Models (LLMs) to reason about cardinal directions (CDs). To do so, we create two datasets: the first, co-created with ChatGPT, focuses largely on recall of world knowledge about CDs; the second is generated from a set of templates, comprehensively testing an LLM’s ability to determine the correct CD given a particular scenario. The templates allow for a number of degrees of variation such as means of locomotion of the agent involved, and whether set in the first , second or third person. Even with a temperature setting of zero, Our experiments show that although LLMs are able to perform well in the simpler dataset, in the second more complex dataset no LLM is able to reliably determine the correct CD, even with a temperature setting of zero.
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Anthony G Cohn and Robert E Blackwell. Evaluating the Ability of Large Language Models to Reason About Cardinal Directions (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 28:1-28:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{cohn_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.28,
author = {Cohn, Anthony G and Blackwell, Robert E},
title = {{Evaluating the Ability of Large Language Models to Reason About Cardinal Directions}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {28:1--28:9},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.28},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208432},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.28},
annote = {Keywords: Large Language Models, Spatial Reasoning, Cardinal Directions}
}
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Short Paper
Assessing Perceived Route Difficulty in Environments with Different Complexity (Short Paper)
Abstract
Today, anyone feeling lost in a city or unsure about how to navigate can use navigation services to look up routes to where they want to go. Current research investigating these services has primarily focused on how to find an appropriate route and how to best support navigation along it, and not how routes and the maps they are presented on are perceived. What makes one route look more difficult to navigate than another? And how does experience with using navigation services and maps in daily life influence how difficult a route is perceived to be? We explored these questions in a survey study where participants rated the perceived difficulty of pedestrian routes in ten different cities. The results show that routes in more complex urban environments were perceived as more complex than routes in easier environments. At least partly, perceived difficulty seems to follow earlier conceptualizations of route complexity, but open questions remain regarding the interplay of environmental structure, route properties, and the map representation.
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Arvid Horned, Zoe Falomir, and Kai-Florian Richter. Assessing Perceived Route Difficulty in Environments with Different Complexity (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 29:1-29:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{horned_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.29,
author = {Horned, Arvid and Falomir, Zoe and Richter, Kai-Florian},
title = {{Assessing Perceived Route Difficulty in Environments with Different Complexity}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {29:1--29:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.29},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208444},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.29},
annote = {Keywords: navigation complexity, perceived difficulty, route display, spatial cognition}
}
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Short Paper
Wheelchair Users Navigational Behavior: Insights from Eye Movement Data and Environment Legibility (Short Paper)
Abstract
This study aims to investigate how eye movement data and the legibility of the environment can help us to better understand the navigational behavior of wheelchair users (WCUs) in urban environments. For this purpose and through a field-based exploratory experiment, the legibility of a route was computed and compared with the visual behavior of two participants with different levels of wheelchair-using experience. The preliminary outcomes show the less experienced WCU has looked more intensively for information in the environment, while the more experienced one engaged in a deep cognitive process to maintain his safety. In addition, we have observed a correlation between the level of the legibility of the environment and the fixation duration and the frequency of saccades between fixations, likely leading to intensive cognitive processes in some situations. Based on these results and upcoming complementary experiments, we intend to better adapt the assistive navigation technologies for the mobility needs of WCU.
Cite as
Sanaz Azimi, Mir Abolfazl Mostafavi, Angélique Lydia Montuwy, Krista Lynn Best, and Aurélie Dommes. Wheelchair Users Navigational Behavior: Insights from Eye Movement Data and Environment Legibility (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 30:1-30:8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{azimi_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.30,
author = {Azimi, Sanaz and Mostafavi, Mir Abolfazl and Montuwy, Ang\'{e}lique Lydia and Best, Krista Lynn and Dommes, Aur\'{e}lie},
title = {{Wheelchair Users Navigational Behavior: Insights from Eye Movement Data and Environment Legibility}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {30:1--30:8},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.30},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208459},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.30},
annote = {Keywords: Wheelchair users, Navigational behavior, Mobility, Eye-tracking, Legibility}
}
Document
Short Paper
Large Language Models: Testing Their Capabilities to Understand and Explain Spatial Concepts (Short Paper)
Abstract
Interest in applying Large Language Models (LLMs), which use natural language processing (NLP) to provide human-like responses to text-based questions, to geospatial tasks has grown rapidly. Research shows that LLMs can help generate software code and answer some types of geographic questions to varying degrees even without fine-tuning. However, further research is required to explore the types of spatial questions they answer correctly, their abilities to apply spatial reasoning, and the variability between models. In this paper we examine the ability of four LLM models (GPT3.5 and 4, LLAma2.0, Falcon40B) to answer spatial questions that range from basic calculations to more advanced geographic concepts. The intent of this comparison is twofold. First, we demonstrate an extensible method for evaluating LLM’s limitations to supporting spatial data science through correct calculations and code generation. Relatedly, we also consider how these models can aid geospatial learning by providing text-based explanations of spatial concepts and operations. Our research shows common strengths in more basic types of questions, and mixed results for questions relating to more advanced spatial concepts. These results provide insights that may be used to inform strategies for testing and fine-tuning these models to increase their understanding of key spatial concepts.
Cite as
Majid Hojati and Rob Feick. Large Language Models: Testing Their Capabilities to Understand and Explain Spatial Concepts (Short Paper). In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 31:1-31:9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
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@InProceedings{hojati_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.31,
author = {Hojati, Majid and Feick, Rob},
title = {{Large Language Models: Testing Their Capabilities to Understand and Explain Spatial Concepts}},
booktitle = {16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024)},
pages = {31:1--31:9},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
ISBN = {978-3-95977-330-0},
ISSN = {1868-8969},
year = {2024},
volume = {315},
editor = {Adams, Benjamin and Griffin, Amy L. and Scheider, Simon and McKenzie, Grant},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.31},
URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208460},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.31},
annote = {Keywords: Geospatial concepts, Large Language Models, LLM, GPT, Llama, Falcon}
}