Document Open Access Logo

Spatial Nudging: Converging Persuasive Technologies, Spatial Design, and Behavioral Theories

Authors Ayda Grisiute , Martin Raubal

PDF

File

Thumbnail PDF
PDF
LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.5.pdf
  • Filesize: 5.09 MB
  • 19 pages

Document Identifiers

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Applied computing → Computer-aided design
Keywords
  • spatial nudging
  • active mobility
  • Nudge Theory
  • Theory of Affordances
  • cognitive graphs

Metrics

  • Access Statistics
  • Total Accesses (updated on a weekly basis)
    0
    PDF Downloads
    0
    Metadata Views

Abstract

This paper presents the Spatial Nudging framework - a theory-based framework that maps out nudging strategies in the mobility domain and refines its existing definitions. We link these strategies by highlighting the role of perceived affordances across physical and digital interventions based on the Nudge Theory and the Theory of Affordances. Furthermore, we propose to use graph representation techniques as a supportive methodology to better align perceived and actual environments, thereby enhancing the intervention strategies' effectiveness. We illustrate the applicability of the Spatial Nudging framework and the supportive methodology in the context of an E-bike City vision. This paper lays the foundation for future research on theoretically integrating physical and digital interventions to promote sustainable mobility.

Cite As Get BibTex

Ayda Grisiute and Martin Raubal. Spatial Nudging: Converging Persuasive Technologies, Spatial Design, and Behavioral Theories. In 16th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 315, pp. 5:1-5:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2024.5

Author Details

Ayda Grisiute
  • Institute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Martin Raubal
  • Institute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Supplementary Materials

References

  1. Rachel Aldred and Katrina Jungnickel. Why culture matters for transport policy: the case of cycling in the UK. Journal of Transport Geography, 34:78-87, January 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.11.004.
  2. Lukas Ballo and Kay W. Axhausen. Modeling sustainable mobility futures using an automated process of road space reallocation in urban street networks. a case study in zurich. In 103rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB 2024); Conference Location: Washington, DC, USA; Conference Date: January 7-11, 2024, 2024-01. Google Scholar
  3. Lukas Ballo, Lucas Meyer De Freitas, Adrian Meister, and Kay W. Axhausen. The E-Bike City as a radical shift toward zero-emission transport: Sustainable? Equitable? Desirable? Journal of Transport Geography, 111:103663, July 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103663.
  4. Koen Bandsma, Ward Rauws, and Gert De Roo. Optimising Nudges in Public Space: Identifying and Tackling Barriers to Design and Implementation. Planning Theory & Practice, 22(4):556-571, August 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.1962957.
  5. David Banister. Cities, mobility and climate change. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(6):1538-1546, November 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.03.009.
  6. Tristan Baumann and Hanspeter A. Mallot. Metric information in cognitive maps: Euclidean embedding of non-Euclidean environments. PLOS Computational Biology, 19(12):1-14, December 2023. Publisher: Public Library of Science. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011748.
  7. Silvia Bernardi, Lissy La Paix-Puello, and Karst Geurs. Modelling route choice of Dutch cyclists using smartphone data. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 11(1), October 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2018.1143.
  8. Anna Boldina, Paul H. P. Hanel, and Koen Steemers. Active urbanism and choice architecture: encouraging the use of challenging city routes for health and fitness. Landscape Research, 48(3):276-296, April 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2142204.
  9. Christian Bongiorno, Yulun Zhou, Marta Kryven, David Theurel, Alessandro Rizzo, Paolo Santi, Joshua Tenenbaum, and Carlo Ratti. Vector-based pedestrian navigation in cities. Nature Computational Science, 1(10):678-685, October 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-021-00130-y.
  10. Ralph Buehler and John Pucher. Cycling for sustainable cities. MIT Press, 2021. Google Scholar
  11. Francesca Cellina, Dominik Bucher, Francesca Mangili, José Veiga Simão, Roman Rudel, and Martin Raubal. A Large Scale, App-Based Behaviour Change Experiment Persuading Sustainable Mobility Patterns: Methods, Results and Lessons Learnt. Sustainability, 11(9):2674, May 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092674.
  12. Francesca Cellina, Dominik Bucher, José Veiga Simão, Roman Rudel, and Martin Raubal. Beyond Limitations of Current Behaviour Change Apps for Sustainable Mobility: Insights from a User-Centered Design and Evaluation Process. Sustainability, 11(8):2281, April 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082281.
  13. Samuel Chng. Advancing Behavioural Theories in Sustainable Mobility: A Research Agenda. Urban Science, 5(2):43, May 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5020043.
  14. Jerònia Cubells, Carme Miralles-Guasch, and Oriol Marquet. E-scooter and bike-share route choice and detours: Modelling the influence of built environment and sociodemographic factors. Journal of Transport Geography, 111:103664, July 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103664.
  15. R. de Groot and vervoer en infrastructuur CROW kenniscentrum voor verkeer. Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic. C.R.O.W. record. CROW, 2016. URL: https://books.google.ch/books?id=FMZOtAEACAAJ.
  16. Denise De Ridder, Joram Feitsma, Mariëtte Van Den Hoven, Floor Kroese, Thomas Schillemans, Marcel Verweij, Tina Venema, Anastasia Vugts, and Emely De Vet. Simple nudges that are not so easy. Behavioural Public Policy, 8(1):154-172, January 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2020.36.
  17. Jonas De Vos, Tim Schwanen, Veronique Van Acker, and Frank Witlox. Do satisfying walking and cycling trips result in more future trips with active travel modes? An exploratory study. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 13(3):180-196, March 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2018.1456580.
  18. Jennifer Dill, Cynthia Mohr, and Liang Ma. How Can Psychological Theory Help Cities Increase Walking and Bicycling? Journal of the American Planning Association, 80(1):36-51, January 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.934651.
  19. Rohit K. Dubey, Samuel S. Sohn, Tyler Thrash, Christoph Hölscher, André Borrmann, and Mubbasir Kapadia. Cognitive Path Planning With Spatial Memory Distortion. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(8):3535-3549, August 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3163794.
  20. Aslak Fyhri, Katrine Karlsen, and Hanne B. Sundfør. Paint It Red - A Multimethod Study of the Nudging Effect of Coloured Cycle Lanes. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:662679, June 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662679.
  21. Marta Garcia-Sierra, Jeroen C.J.M. Van Den Bergh, and Carme Miralles-Guasch. Behavioural economics, travel behaviour and environmental-transport policy. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 41:288-305, December 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.09.023.
  22. J. J. Gibson. The theory of affordances. In R. Shaw and J. Bransford, editors, Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology, pages 67-82. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1977. Google Scholar
  23. Ayda Grisiute. Cognitive Route Planning. Software, (visited on 2024-08-22). URL: https://github.com/mie-lab/cognitive_route_planning
    Software Heritage Logo archived version
    full metadata available at: https://doi.org/10.4230/artifacts.22489
  24. Ayda Grisiute, Nina Wiedemann, Pieter Herthogs, and Martin Raubal. An ontology-based approach for harmonizing metrics in bike network evaluations. under review, 2024. Google Scholar
  25. William Hebblewhite and Alexander James Gillett. Every step you take, we’ll be watching you: nudging and the ramifications of GPS technology. AI & SOCIETY, 36(3):863-875, September 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01098-5.
  26. Gareth J Hollands, Ian Shemilt, Theresa M Marteau, Susan A Jebb, Michael P Kelly, Ryota Nakamura, Marc Suhrcke, and David Ogilvie. Altering micro-environments to change population health behaviour: towards an evidence base for choice architecture interventions. BMC Public Health, 13(1):1218, December 2013. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1218.
  27. Dennis Hummel and Alexander Maedche. How effective is nudging? A quantitative review on the effect sizes and limits of empirical nudging studies. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 80:47-58, June 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2019.03.005.
  28. Ole B. Jensen, Ditte Bendix Lanng, and Simon Wind. Mobilities design – towards a research agenda for applied mobilities research. Applied Mobilities, 1(1):26-42, January 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/23800127.2016.1147782.
  29. Daniel Kahneman. Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 1st ed edition, 2011. Google Scholar
  30. Heeseo Rain Kwon and Elisabete A. Silva. Matching Behavioral Theories and Rules with Research Methods in Spatial Planning-Related Fields. Journal of Planning Literature, 38(2): 245-262, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122231157708.
  31. Matthias Lehner, Oksana Mont, and Eva Heiskanen. Nudging – A promising tool for sustainable consumption behaviour? Journal of Cleaner Production, 134:166-177, 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.086.
  32. Martin Loidl, Dana Kaziyeva, Robin Wendel, Claudia Luger-Bazinger, Matthias Seeber, and Charalampos Stamatopoulos. Unlocking the Potential of Digital, Situation-Aware Nudging for Promoting Sustainable Mobility. Sustainability, 15(14):11149, July 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411149.
  33. Claudia Luger-Bazinger, Guntram Geser, and Veronika Hornung-Prähauser. Digital behavioural interventions for sustainable mobility: A review of behaviour change techniques in mobile apps. In Sampson Alain, editor, The Behavioral Economics Guide 2023, pages 68-75. Behavioral Science Solutions Ltd, 2023. Google Scholar
  34. Liang Ma and Jason Cao. How perceptions mediate the effects of the built environment on travel behavior? Transportation, 46(1):175-197, February 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-017-9800-4.
  35. E.J. Manley, S.W. Orr, and T. Cheng. A heuristic model of bounded route choice in urban areas. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 56:195-209, July 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2015.03.020.
  36. Henry Martin, Nina Wiedemann, Daniel J. Reck, and Martin Raubal. Graph-based mobility profiling. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 100:101910, March 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101910.
  37. Lynn Meuleners, Michelle Fraser, and Paul Roberts. Improving cycling safety through infrastructure design: A bicycle simulator study. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 18:100768, March 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100768.
  38. Lucas Meyer de Freitas and Kay W. Axhausen. Cycling potentials in Switzerland: An assessment of its determinants using health survey data and first results. In 22th Swiss Transport Research Conference, May 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000548622.
  39. Stuart Mills. Personalized nudging. Behavioural Public Policy, 6(1):150-159, January 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2020.7.
  40. Robert Münscher, Max Vetter, and Thomas Scheuerle. A Review and Taxonomy of Choice Architecture Techniques: Choice Architecture Techniques. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 29(5):511-524, December 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1897.
  41. Mohsen Nazemi, Michael A. B. van Eggermond, and Alexander Erath. Using virtual reality to study bicycle level of service for urban street segments. In 99th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, USA, January 12-16, 2020. Transportation Research Board, 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000356535.
  42. Donald A. Norman. The design of everyday things. Basic Books, New York, New York, revised and expanded edition edition, 2013. Google Scholar
  43. Open source routing machine (osrm). OSRM Project. Accessed: 2024-04-25. URL: http://project-osrm.org/.
  44. Pavithra Parthasarathi, David Levinson, and Hartwig Hochmair. Network Structure and Travel Time Perception. PLoS ONE, 8(10):e77718, October 2013. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077718.
  45. Mashrur Rahman and Gian-Claudia Sciara. Travel attitudes, the built environment and travel behavior relationships: Causal insights from social psychology theories. Transport Policy, 123:44-54, July 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.04.012.
  46. Martin Raubal, Dominik Bucher, and Henry Martin. Geosmartness for Personalized and Sustainable Future Urban Mobility. In Wenzhong Shi, Michael F. Goodchild, Michael Batty, Mei-Po Kwan, and Anshu Zhang, editors, Urban Informatics, pages 59-83. Springer Singapore, Singapore, 2021. Series Title: The Urban Book Series. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_6.
  47. Martin Raubal and Reinhard Moratz. A Functional Model for Affordance-Based Agents. In Erich Rome, Joachim Hertzberg, and Georg Dorffner, editors, Towards Affordance-Based Robot Control, volume 4760, pages 91-105. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. Series Title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77915-5_7.
  48. Daniel J. Reck, David A. Hensher, and Chinh Q. Ho. MaaS bundle design. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 141:485-501, November 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.09.021.
  49. Tim Schwanen, David Banister, and Jillian Anable. Rethinking habits and their role in behaviour change: the case of low-carbon mobility. Journal of Transport Geography, 24:522-532, September 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.06.003.
  50. Ivana Semanjski, Angel Lopez Aguirre, Johan De Mol, and Sidharta Gautama. Policy 2.0 Platform for Mobile Sensing and Incentivized Targeted Shifts in Mobility Behavior. Sensors, 16(7):1035, July 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071035.
  51. Alin Semenescu, Alin Gavreliuc, and Paul Sârbescu. 30 Years of soft interventions to reduce car use – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85:102397, August 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102397.
  52. Ali Soltani, Andrew Allan, Masoud Javadpoor, and Jaswanth Lella. Space Syntax in Analysing Bicycle Commuting Routes in Inner Metropolitan Adelaide. Sustainability, 14(6):3485, March 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063485.
  53. Juliet Steffen, Hannah Hook, and Frank Witlox. Improving interest in public, active, and shared travel modes through nudging interventions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 103:353-367, May 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.04.020.
  54. Cass R. Sunstein. On Freedom. Princeton University Press, February 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691192024.
  55. Fateme Teimouri, Kai-Florian Richter, and Hartwig H. Hochmair. Analysis of route choice based on path characteristics using Geolife GPS trajectories. Journal of Location Based Services, pages 1-27, June 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2023.2229285.
  56. Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, US, 2008. Pages: x, 293. Google Scholar
  57. Francesco Maria Turno and Irina Yatskiv Jackiva. Graph-Based Approach for Personalized Travel Recommendations. Transport and Telecommunication Journal, 24(4):423-433, November 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0033.
  58. Veronique Van Acker, Ben Derudder, and Frank Witlox. Why people use their cars while the built environment imposes cycling. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 6(1):53-62, April 2013. URL: https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v6i1.288.
  59. Loes Van Renswouw, Carine Lallemand, Pieter Van Wesemael, and Steven Vos. Creating active urban environments: insights from expert interviews. Cities & Health, 7(3):463-479, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2132585.
  60. Miroslav Vasilev, Ray Pritchard, and Thomas Jonsson. Trialing a Road Lane to Bicycle Path Redesign—Changes in Travel Behavior with a Focus on Users’ Route and Mode Choice. Sustainability, 10(12):4768, December 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124768.
  61. Zhenzhen Wang, Sylvia Y. He, and Yee Leung. Applying mobile phone data to travel behaviour research: A literature review. Travel Behaviour and Society, 11:141-155, April 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2017.02.005.
  62. William H. Warren, Daniel B. Rothman, Benjamin H. Schnapp, and Jonathan D. Ericson. Wormholes in virtual space: From cognitive maps to cognitive graphs. Cognition, 166:152-163, September 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.05.020.
  63. Markus Weinmann, Christoph Schneider, and Jan Vom Brocke. Digital Nudging. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 58(6):433-436, December 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-016-0453-1.
  64. Paul Weiser, Simon Scheider, Dominik Bucher, Peter Kiefer, and Martin Raubal. Towards sustainable mobility behavior: research challenges for location-aware information and communication technology. GeoInformatica, 20(2):213-239, April 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10707-015-0242-x.
  65. N. Wiedemann, H. Martin, and M. Raubal. Unlocking social network analysis methods for studying human mobility. AGILE: GIScience Series, 3:19, 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-19-2022.
  66. Jan M. Wiener and Hanspeter A. Mallot. 'Fine-to-Coarse' Route Planning and Navigation in Regionalized Environments. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 3(4):331-358, December 2003. URL: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15427633scc0304_5.
  67. Devon Paige Willis, Kevin Manaugh, and Ahmed El-Geneidy. Cycling Under Influence: Summarizing the Influence of Perceptions, Attitudes, Habits, and Social Environments on Cycling for Transportation. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 9(8):565-579, 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2013.827285.
  68. Claudia Yamu, Akkelies Van Nes, and Chiara Garau. Bill Hillier’s Legacy: Space Syntax—A Synopsis of Basic Concepts, Measures, and Empirical Application. Sustainability, 13(6):3394, March 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063394.
  69. Sina Zimmermann, Thomas Schulz, Andreas Hein, Heiko Gewald, and Helmut Krcmar. Motivating change in commuters’ mobility behaviour: Digital nudging for public transportation use. Journal of Decision Systems, pages 1-27, April 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2023.2198056.
Questions / Remarks / Feedback
X

Feedback for Dagstuhl Publishing


Thanks for your feedback!

Feedback submitted

Could not send message

Please try again later or send an E-mail
© 2023-2025 Schloss Dagstuhl – LZI GmbH About DROPS Imprint Privacy Contact