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Single-Source Shortest Paths and Strong Connectivity in Dynamic Planar Graphs

Authors Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Adam Karczmarz

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Author Details

Panagiotis Charalampopoulos
  • Department of Informatics, King’s College London, UK
  • Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Poland
Adam Karczmarz
  • Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Poland

Funding

  • Charalampopoulos, Panagiotis: Partially supported by ERC Starting Grant TOTAL under the EU’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (agreement no. 677651).
  • Karczmarz, Adam: Supported by ERC Consolidator Grant 772346 TUgbOAT and the Polish National Science Centre 2018/29/N/ST6/00757 grant.

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Panagiotis Charalampopoulos and Adam Karczmarz. Single-Source Shortest Paths and Strong Connectivity in Dynamic Planar Graphs. In 28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 173, pp. 31:1-31:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.31

Abstract

Efficient algorithms for computing and processing additively weighted Voronoi diagrams on planar graphs have been instrumental in obtaining several recent breakthrough results, most notably the almost-optimal exact distance oracle for planar graphs [Charalampopoulos et al., STOC'19], and subquadratic algorithms for planar diameter [Cabello, SODA'17, Gawrychowski et al., SODA'18]. In this paper, we show how Voronoi diagrams can be useful in obtaining dynamic planar graph algorithms and apply them to classical problems such as dynamic single-source shortest paths and dynamic strongly connected components. First, we give a fully dynamic single-source shortest paths data structure for planar weighted digraphs with Õ(n^{4/5}) worst-case update time and O(log² n) query time. Here, a single update can either change the graph by inserting or deleting an edge, or reset the source s of interest. All known non-trivial planarity-exploiting exact dynamic single-source shortest paths algorithms to date had polynomial query time. Further, note that a data structure with strongly sublinear update time capable of answering distance queries between all pairs of vertices in polylogarithmic time would refute the APSP conjecture [Abboud and Dahlgaard, FOCS'16]. Somewhat surprisingly, the Voronoi diagram based approach we take for single-source shortest paths can also be used in the fully dynamic strongly connected components problem. In particular, we obtain a data structure maintaining a planar digraph under edge insertions and deletions, capable of returning the identifier of the strongly connected component of any query vertex. The worst-case update and query time bounds are the same as for our single-source distance oracle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fully dynamic strong-connectivity algorithm achieving both sublinear update time and polylogarithmic query time for an important class of digraphs.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Dynamic graph algorithms
  • Theory of computation → Shortest paths
Keywords
  • dynamic graph algorithms
  • planar graphs
  • single-source shortest paths
  • strong connectivity

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