Modeling Diversity Dynamics in Time-Evolving Collaboration Networks

Authors Christopher Archer , Gireeja Ranade



PDF
Thumbnail PDF

File

LIPIcs.FORC.2024.6.pdf
  • Filesize: 1.14 MB
  • 21 pages

Document Identifiers

Author Details

Christopher Archer
  • University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Gireeja Ranade
  • University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Acknowledgements

Additionally, the authors would like to thank user "Actually Fritz" From Mathematics StackExchange for assisting in the proof of Lemma 6. We also thank the reviewers whose comments improved the presentation of this paper. Thanks to The American Physics Society (APS) dataset for the use of their dataset which can be requested at https://journals.aps.org/datasets.

Cite AsGet BibTex

Christopher Archer and Gireeja Ranade. Modeling Diversity Dynamics in Time-Evolving Collaboration Networks. In 5th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing (FORC 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 295, pp. 6:1-6:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2024.6

Abstract

Increasing diversity in a community or an organization requires paying attention to many different aspects, including recruitment, hiring, retention, climate, and more. In this paper, we focus on how climate, captured through network interactions, can affect the growth or decay of minority populations within that community. Building on previous work, we develop a dynamic stochastic block model that grows according to a weighted version of preferential attachment, while having some memory of previous edges as well. This models how interactions between nodes in the network can influence the recruitment of new nodes to the network. We derive a deterministic approximation of this random system and prove its convergence is determined by the network parameters. Additionally, we show how the memory of the network affects convergence under different parameter regimes, and we validate this model by assessing the growth of women scientists in the American Physics Society’s co-authorship network.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Applied computing → Sociology
Keywords
  • Network Models
  • Diversity
  • Collaboration Networks
  • Stochastic Block Model

Metrics

  • Access Statistics
  • Total Accesses (updated on a weekly basis)
    0
    PDF Downloads

References

  1. APS Data Sets for Research - journals.aps.org. https://journals.aps.org/datasets. [Accessed 24-02-2024].
  2. Joan Acker. Inequality regimes: Gender, class, and race in organizations. Gender and Society, 20(4):441-464, 2006. Google Scholar
  3. Christopher Aicher, Abigail Z Jacobs, and Aaron Clauset. Adapting the stochastic block model to edge-weighted networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.5782, 2013. Google Scholar
  4. Christopher Aicher, Abigail Z. Jacobs, and Aaron Clauset. Learning latent block structure in weighted networks. Journal of Complex Networks, 3(2):221-248, June 2014. Google Scholar
  5. Lauren M. Alfrey. Diversity, Disrupted: A Critique of Neoliberal Difference in Tech Organizations. Sociological Perspectives, 65(6):1081-1098, December 2022. Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc. Google Scholar
  6. Mackenzie Alston. Eliminating discrimination in hiring isn’t enough. IZA World of Labor, 2023. Google Scholar
  7. Christopher Archer. Modeling Diversity Dynamics in Time-Evolving Collaboration Networks. Software (visited on 13/05/2024). URL: https://github.com/chris-archer110/SBM-diversity-model-code/blob/main/README.md.
  8. Lars Backstrom, Dan Huttenlocher, Jon Kleinberg, and Xiangyang Lan. Group formation in large social networks: membership, growth, and evolution. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, pages 44-54, 2006. Google Scholar
  9. Albert-László Barabási and Réka Albert. Emergence of scaling in random networks. science, 286(5439):509-512, 1999. Google Scholar
  10. Albert-Laszlo Barabâsi, Hawoong Jeong, Zoltan Néda, Erzsebet Ravasz, Andras Schubert, and Tamas Vicsek. Evolution of the social network of scientific collaborations. Physica A: Statistical mechanics and its applications, 311(3-4):590-614, 2002. Google Scholar
  11. Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan. Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination. American Economic Review, 94(4):991-1013, September 2004. URL: https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2F0002828042002561&ref=exo-insight.
  12. Simina Brânzei, Nithish Kumar, and Gireeja Ranade. Phase transitions of diversity in stochastic block model dynamics. In 2023 59th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton), pages 1-8. IEEE, 2023. Google Scholar
  13. Ronald S. Burt. Structural Holes and Good Ideas. American Journal of Sociology, 110(2):349-399, 2004. Publisher: The University of Chicago Press. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/421787.
  14. Antoni Calvo-Armengol and Yannis M. Ioannides. Social Networks in Labor Markets. Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economics, Tufts University 0517, Department of Economics, Tufts University, 2005. URL: https://ideas.repec.org/p/tuf/tuftec/0517.html.
  15. Antoni Calvó-Armengol, Eleonora Patacchini, and Yves Zenou. Peer effects and social networks in education. The Review of Economic Studies, 76(4):1239-1267, 2009. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40247641.
  16. Kenneth A. Couch, Joni Hersch, and Jennifer Bennett Shinall. Fifty years later: The legacy of the civil rights act of 1964. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 34(2):424-456, 2015. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/43866378.
  17. T. Cox. Cultural Diversity in Organizations: Theory, Research and Practice. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 1993. URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cultural-diversity-in-organizations-%3A-theory%2C-and-Cox/8fbae390ceab816f036c2a5835a79f6bc7002d8e.
  18. Matthew Eichhorn, Siddhartha Banerjee, and David Kempe. Online team formation under different synergies. In Workshop on Internet and Network Economics, 2022. URL: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252846784.
  19. Mark S. Granovetter. The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6):1360-1380, 1973. Publisher: University of Chicago Press. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2776392.
  20. Peter Grindrod and Mark Parsons. Social networks: Evolving graphs with memory dependent edges. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 390(21-22):3970-3981, 2011. Google Scholar
  21. Cedric Herring and Loren Henderson. From affirmative action to diversity: Toward a critical diversity perspective. Critical Sociology, 38(5):629-643, 2012. Google Scholar
  22. Paul W. Holland, Kathryn Blackmond Laskey, and Samuel Leinhardt. Stochastic blockmodels: First steps. Social Networks, 5(2):109-137, 1983. Google Scholar
  23. Lu Hong and Scott E. Page. Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability problem solvers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(46):16385-16389, 2004. Google Scholar
  24. Jian Huang, Ziming Zhuang, Jia Li, and C Lee Giles. Collaboration over time: characterizing and modeling network evolution. In WSDM, pages 107-116, 2008. Google Scholar
  25. Matthew O Jackson and Asher Wolinsky. A strategic model of social and economic networks. In Networks and groups, pages 23-49. Springer, 2003. Google Scholar
  26. Jamie Dolkas Joan C. Williams. Data-Driven Diversity - hbr.org. https://hbr.org/2022/03/data-driven-diversity. [Accessed 26-01-2024].
  27. Judd Kessler and Corinne Low. Research: How Companies Committed to Diverse Hiring Still Fail - hbr.org. https://hbr.org/2021/02/research-how-companies-committed-to-diverse-hiring-still-fail. [Accessed 16-01-2024].
  28. Kibae Kim and Jörn Altmann. Effect of homophily on network formation. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 44:482-494, March 2017. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1007570416302805.
  29. Jon Kleinberg, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Manish Raghavan. Inherent trade-offs in the fair determination of risk scores. In ITCS, 2016. Google Scholar
  30. Oliver Knill. Probability theory and stochastic processes with applications. https://people.math.harvard.edu/~knill/books/KnillProbability.pdf, 2009. [Accessed 23-02-2024].
  31. Clement Lee and Darren J. Wilkinson. A review of stochastic block models and extensions for graph clustering. Applied Network Science, 4(1), December 2019. Google Scholar
  32. Weihua Li, Tomaso Aste, Fabio Caccioli, and Giacomo Livan. Early coauthorship with top scientists predicts success in academic careers. Nature Communications, 10:5170, November 2019. Google Scholar
  33. Stephanie Lunn and Monique Ross. Cracks in the foundation: Issues with diversity and the hiring process in computing fields, 2021. Google Scholar
  34. Miller McPherson. An ecology of affiliation. American Sociological Review, 48(4):519-532, 1983. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2117719.
  35. Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James M. Cook. Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27:415-444, 2001. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2678628.
  36. Francisco Bauzá Mingueza, Mario Floría, Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes, Alex Arenas, and Alessio Cardillo. Characterization of interactions’ persistence in time-varying networks - Scientific Reports - nature.com. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25907-7#citeas. [Accessed 21-01-2024].
  37. Shira Mitchell, Eric Potash, Solon Barocas, Alexander D'Amour, and Kristian Lum. Algorithmic fairness: Choices, assumptions, and definitions. Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application, 8:141-163, 2021. Google Scholar
  38. Pamela Newkirk. Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Business. Bold Type Books, New York, October 2019. Google Scholar
  39. Tiago P. Peixoto. Nonparametric weighted stochastic block models. Phys. Rev. E, 97:012306, January 2018. Google Scholar
  40. Andi Peng, Besmira Nushi, Emre Kıcıman, Kori Inkpen, Siddharth Suri, and Ece Kamar. What You See Is What You Get? The Impact of Representation Criteria on Human Bias in Hiring. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing, 7:125-134, October 2019. Google Scholar
  41. S. S. Phulari, S. D. Khamitkar, N. K. Deshmukh, P. U. Bhalchandra, S. N. Lokhande, and A. R. Shinde. Understanding Formulation of Social Capital in Online Social Network Sites (SNS), February 2010. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.1201v1.
  42. Fereshteh Rabbani, Tamer Khraisha, Fatemeh Abbasi, and Gholam Reza Jafari. Memory effects on link formation in temporal networks: A fractional calculus approach. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 564:125502, 2021. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437120308001.
  43. Lauren A. Rivera. Hiring as cultural matching: The case of elite professional service firms. American Sociological Review, 77(6):999-1022, 2012. Google Scholar
  44. Roberto M. Rubineau, Brian; Fernandez. Tipping Points: Referral Homophily and Job Segregation - dspace.mit.edu. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/66931. [Accessed 20-01-2024].
  45. Jad Salem, Deven Desai, and Swati Gupta. Don’t let Ricci v. DeStefano hold you back: A bias-aware legal solution to the hiring paradox. In Facct, pages 651-666, 2022. Google Scholar
  46. Roberta Sinatra, Dashun Wang, Pierre Deville, Chaoming Song, and Albert-László Barabási. Quantifying the evolution of individual scientific impact. Science, 354(6312):aaf5239, 2016. Google Scholar
  47. Ana-Andreea Stoica, Jessy Xinyi Han, and Augustin Chaintreau. Seeding network influence in biased networks and the benefits of diversity. In WWW, pages 2089-2098. ACM / IW3C2, 2020. Google Scholar
  48. Tom Sühr, Sophie Hilgard, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. Does fair ranking improve minority outcomes? understanding the interplay of human and algorithmic biases in online hiring. In AIES, pages 989-999, 2021. Google Scholar
  49. Phyllis Tharenou. Explanations of managerial career advancement. Australian Psychologist, 32(1):19-28, 1997. Google Scholar
  50. Zijian Wang and David Jurgens. It's going to be okay: Measuring access to support in online communities. In Ellen Riloff, David Chiang, Julia Hockenmaier, and Jun'ichi Tsujii, editors, Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium, 2018. Association for Computational Linguistics. Google Scholar
Questions / Remarks / Feedback
X

Feedback for Dagstuhl Publishing


Thanks for your feedback!

Feedback submitted

Could not send message

Please try again later or send an E-mail