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Improving the Crossing Lemma by Characterizing Dense 2-Planar and 3-Planar Graphs

Authors Aaron Büngener, Michael Kaufmann

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LIPIcs.GD.2024.29.pdf
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ACM Subject Classification
  • Mathematics of computing → Graph theory
  • Mathematics of computing → Combinatorics
Keywords
  • Crossing Lemma
  • k-planar graphs
  • discharging method

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Abstract

The classical Crossing Lemma by Ajtai et al. and Leighton from 1982 gave an important lower bound of cm³/n² for the number of crossings in any drawing of a given graph of n vertices and m edges. The original value was c = 1/100, which then has gradually been improved. Here, the bounds for the density of k-planar graphs played a central role. Our new insight is that for k = 2,3 the k-planar graphs have substantially fewer edges if specific local configurations that occur in drawings of k-planar graphs of maximum density are forbidden. Therefore, we are able to derive better bounds for the crossing number cr(G) of a given graph G. In particular, we achieve a bound of cr(G) ≥ 73/18m-305/18(n-2) for the range of 5n < m ≤ 6n, while our second bound cr(G) ≥ 5m - 407/18(n-2) is even stronger for larger m > 6n.
For m > 6.79n, we finally apply the standard probabilistic proof from the BOOK and obtain an improved constant of c > 1/27.61 in the Crossing Lemma. Note that the previous constant was 1/29. Although this improvement is not too impressive, we consider our technique as an important new tool, which might be helpful in various other applications.

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Aaron Büngener and Michael Kaufmann. Improving the Crossing Lemma by Characterizing Dense 2-Planar and 3-Planar Graphs. In 32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 320, pp. 29:1-29:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.29

Author Details

Aaron Büngener
  • Universität Tübingen, Germany
Michael Kaufmann
  • Universität Tübingen, Germany

References

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